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Exam 2: BSC2086/ BSC 2086 (Latest 2024/ 2025 Update) Anatomy and Physiology II Complete Guide | Qs & As| 100% Correct| Grade A (Verified Answers) $10.99   Add to cart
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Exam 2: BSC2086/ BSC 2086 (Latest 2024/ 2025 Update) Anatomy and Physiology II Complete Guide | Qs & As| 100% Correct| Grade A (Verified Answers)
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Exam 2: BSC2086/ BSC 2086 (Latest 2024/ 2025 Update) Anatomy and Physiology II Complete Guide | Qs & As| 100% Correct| Grade A (Verified Answers) Q: Extracellular fluids Answer: •Interstitial fluid (IF) and plasma •Materials in plasma and IF exchange across capillary walls (water, i...

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  • October 15, 2024
  • 60
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • bsc2086 bsc 2086 anatomy and physiology ii exam
  • bsc2086 bsc 2086 anatomy and physiology ii exam 1
  • bsc2086 bsc 2086 anatomy and physiology ii exam 2
  • bsc2086 bsc 2086 anatomy and physiology ii exam 3
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Examl2:lBSC2086/lBSCl2086lAnatomylandl
PhysiologylIIlCompletelGuidel|lQsl&lAs|l
100%lCorrect|lGradelAl(VerifiedlAnswers)

Q:lExtracellularlfluids
Answer:
•Interstitiallfluidl(IF)landlplasma
•MaterialslinlplasmalandlIFlexchangelacrosslcapillarylwallsl(water,lions,lsmalllsolutes)

Q:lInterstitiallfluidl(IF)
Answer:
fluidlsurroundinglthelcellslinltissues

Q:lPlasmalProteins
Answer:
•Albuminsl(60%)
•Globulinsl(35%)
•Fibrinogenl(4%)

Q:lAlbumins
Answer:
Transportlsubstanceslsuchlaslfattylacids,lthyroidlhormones,landlsteroidlhormones

Q:lGlobulins
Answer:
•Antibodiesl(immunoglobulins)
•Transportlglobulinsl(smalllmolecules)

Q:lTransportlglobulins
Answer:

,•Hormone-bindinglproteins
•Metalloproteins
•Apolipoproteinsl(lipoproteins)
•Steroid-bindinglproteins

Q:lFibrinogen
Answer:
Moleculeslthatlformlclotslandlproducellong,linsolublelstrandsloflfibrin

Q:lOtherlPlasmalProteins
Answer:
•1%loflplasma
•Changinglquantitiesloflspecializedlplasmalproteins
•Peptidelhormoneslnormallylpresentlinlcirculatinglblood

Q:lBloodlpeptidelandlglycoproteinlhormones
Answer:
•Peptide:linsulinlandlprolactinl(PRL)l•Glycoproteins:lthyroid-
stimulatinglhormonel(TSH),lfollicle-stimulatinglhormonel(FSH),landlluteinizinglhormonel(LH)

Q:lOriginsloflPlasmalProteins
Answer:
•Morelthanl90%lmadelinlliver
•Antibodieslmadelbylplasmalcellsl(activatedlBllymphocytes)
Peptidelhormoneslmadelbylendocrinelorgans

Q:lSerum
Answer:
•Liquidlpartloflalbloodlsample
•Producedlwhenldissolvedlfibrinogenl(normallylfoundlinlblood)lconvertsltolsolidlfibrinl(fibrinli
slremovedlfromlthelsample)
•SerumllackslclottinglproteinslandlCa2+l(usedluplduringlthelclottinglprocess)

Q:lRedlbloodlcellsl(RBCs)
Answer:

,•Makelupl99.9%loflblood'slformedlelements
•Averageladultlhasl25ltrillionlRBCsl-1/3loflalllcellslinlhumanlbody

Q:lHemoglobinl(Hb)
Answer:
•Thelredlpigmentlthatlgiveslwholelbloodlitslcolor
•Bindslandltransportsloxygenlandlcarbonldioxide
•Proteinlmoleculelthatltransportslrespiratorylgases

Q:lNormallhemoglobinllevels
Answer:
•Adultlmale-l14-18lg/dLlwholelblood
•Adultlfemale-l12-16lg/dLlwholelblood
(note:l1ldLl=l100lmL)

Q:lAbundanceloflRBCs
Answer:
RBClcountlandlhematocrit

Q:lRedlbloodlcelllcount
Answer:
thelnumberloflRBCslinl1lmicroliterloflwholelbloodl(1lmll=l1/1000lml.lAldroploflbloodlislappro
ximatelyl50lml)

Q:lNormallRBClcount
Answer:
•Male:l4.5-6.3lmillion
•Female:l4.2-5.5lmillion

Q:lPackedlCelllVolumel(PCV)
Answer:
percentageloflRBCslinlcentrifugedlwholelbloodl(RBClvolume/totallvolume)

Q:lNormallPCV

, Answer:
•Male:l40-54
•Female:l37-47

Q:lStructureloflRBCs
Answer:
•Smalllandlhighlylspecializedldiscs
•Thinlinlmiddlelandlthickerlatledge

Q:lThreelImportantlEffectsloflRBClShapelonlFunction
Answer:
1.lHighlsurface-to-volumelratio
•Quicklylabsorbslandlreleasesloxygen
2.lDiscslformlstackslcalledlrouleaux
•Smoothlthelflowlthroughlnarrowlbloodlvessels
3.lDiscslbendlandlflexlenteringlsmalllcapillaries
•7-8lµmlRBClpasseslthroughl4-µmlcapillary

Q:lSicklelCelllanemia
Answer:
Causedlbylmutationloflanlaminolacidlinlbetalsubunitloflhemoglobin.lLowlO2lcauselmutatedlHb
ltolalterlRBClshape,lmakinglitlstiff,leasilyldamaged.lChangelinlshapelalsolcauseslitltolblocklnar
rowlcapillaries.lCanluselthelsameltreatmentslaslthalassemia.

Q:lLifelSpanloflRBCs
Answer:
•Livelaboutl120ldays
•Lacklnuclei,lmitochondria,landlribosomes
•MeanslnolrepairlandluseslanaerobiclmetabolismltolgeneratelATP

Q:lHemoglobinlstructure
Answer:
•Complexlquaternarylstructure
•Fourlglobularlproteinlsubunitsl(2lalsubunits,l2lblsubunits);leachlsubunitlwithlonelmoleculeloflh
eme

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