Exam (elaborations)
EXAC - COSTING QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FULLY SOLVED
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Exam of 5 pages for the course EXAC at EXAC (EXAC - COSTING)
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EXAC - COSTINGValue Analysis or Value Engineering is part of architectural scope of services - answer
no, sometimes a project will be subjected to value analysis or value engineering. This
service is not a basic service of the architect
which project delivery method is better suited for value engineering - answer design-
build - because the aim of the design builder is to finish the construction with minimum
requirements to satisfy at the time of delivery.
what are the possible outcome of value engineering - answer This approach can
sometimes result in the substitution of inferior or inappropriate products, simply because
they are cheaper, however, this is not true value engineering but rather cost-cutting. In
these circumstances, the architect must be informed and given the opportunity to advise
the owner on the
consequences of the proposed changes.
at what stage of design the value analysis should be done. - answer earlier stages,
predesign and schematic design stages.
The success of any cost estimation method depends on ? - answer-the reliability of the
raw historic data:
-the ability to adjust the data to suit the characteristics of the new project and to market
conditions;
-the similarity of the new project in as many ways as possible to the examples from
which data are available;
-the extent to which the analysis is broken down into a large number of small
components, instead of a few large unit headings.
Classes of Cost Estimates - class D budget is put together in which stage of design. -
answer during functional programming phase of the project, it is based on the functional
program and historic data;
adjusted to take into account assumptions regarding inflation, location, risk, quality, size
and project timing;
a rough order of magnitude.
classes of cost estimate - Class C estimate? - answer Schematic design -
prepared at an early stage in the project,
when drawings are preliminary in nature;
based on:
type of construction;
quantities of materials; includes all assumptions or qualifications to the estimate;
, includes a relatively large design contingency allowance which is used to provide for
changes in scope and because information is more limited.
Cost Estimate Class B: - answerdesign development stages -
the estimating process is repeated when additional specification and drawing
information becomes available, using an expanded format under the original headings;
the reduction in uncertainty made possible by better information from the design team
allows for a reduced design contingency allowance.
cost estimate - class A - answerConstruction Documentation
as the construction documents become more complete, the process continues and the
contingency allowance is reduced further.
Advantages:
-the most reliable method if undertaken carefully from the start;
-well-suited when cost advice is being supplied to the architect by
contractor/construction managers and suppliers;
-the information stays current and relevant throughout pre-construction;
-project leaders can build up a history of, and the knowledge and skills for, cost
estimating — especially if building projects are similar within the architectural practice.
Disadvantages:
requires an estimator with both design and construction experience;
-requires the ability to foresee all the typical trades needed to complete the building.
COST ESTIMATE - ELEMENTAL COST. - answer● Elemantal cost method often used
by quantity surveyors as
standard method for presenting cost information
● divides building into major elements, i.e. structure, exterior
enclosure
● uses these elements to provide a cost framework which is useful
throughout the life of the project
● is applicable to new or existing buildings
● uses these elements to form basis for applying relevant cost info
from similar projects
● advantages:
○ assumes approx size of building is known
○ process can proceed without construction drawings and
specs
○ useful during DESIGN DEVELOPMENT PHASE, when trade-offs between elements
can
be considered to improve the quality of the project without
compromising the total budget
● disadvantages:
○ cuts accross the traditional construction trade areas (see
Classes of Cost Estimates)
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