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EXAC 2024- Francis D. K. Ching- Building Construction Illustrated Questions with Solutions 2024
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EXAC 2024- Francis D. K. Ching- Building Construction Illustrated
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EXAC 2024- Francis D. K. Ching-Building Construction Illustrated
principles of sustainable design - answer reduce resource consumption
reuse resources
recycle resources
protect nature
eliminate toxins
life-cycle cost
focus on quality
reduce a building's consumption: passive - answer work with the climate in designing,
siting, and orienting a building to employ passive cooling and heating techniques
reduce a building's consumption: active - answer increase the ability of a building to
capture or generate its own energy from renewable sources (solar, wind, geothermal,
low impact hydro, biomass, biogas)
soil classes - answercourse
fine
course grained soils - answerpermeable, drain better, less susceptible to frost action
(gravel and sand)
fine grained soils - answersilt and clay
subsurface investigation - answer10' test pit to understand the structure of soil, shear
resistance, compressive strength, water content, permeability, expected extent / rate of
consolidation under loading
shear strength of soil - answermeasures the ability to resist displacement when an
external force is applied, due largely to the combined effects of cohesion and internal
friction
cohesive soil - answerretains strength when unconfined (clay)
granular soil - answerrequires confining force for shear resistance and has a shallow
angle of repose (gravel, sand, sometimes silt)
water table - answerlevel beneath which the soil is saturated with groundwater
, ridge - answercontour lines point toward lower elevations
valley - answercontour lines point toward higher elevations
slopes > 25% - answersubject to erosion, difficult to build on
slopes > 10% - answerchallenging to use for outdoor activities, built on without difficulty
slopes 5-10% - answersuitable for informal outdoor activities, easy to build on
slopes < 5% - answerusable for outdoor activities, easy to build on
azimuth - answerangle of horizontal deviation, measured clockwise, of a bearing from a
standard south direction
recommended forms and orientations: cool - answerminimize surface area (less
exposure to low temps)
maximize solar radiation absorption
reduce heat loss
provide wind protection
recommended forms and orientations: temperate - answerelongate building along east-
west axis
maximize southern exposure
minimize east-west exposures
balance solar heat gain with shade protection
encourage air movement in hot weather
protect against wind in cold weather
recommended forms and orientations: hot-arid - answerbuilding forms should enclose
courtyards
reduce solar and conductive heat gain
promote cooling by evaporation
provide solar shading for windows / outdoor spaces
recommended forms and orientations: hot-humid - answerelongate building along east-
west axis
minimize east-west exposure
reduce solar heat gain
promote cooling by evaporation and wind
provide solar shading for windows / outdoor spaces
passive solar heating - answeruses solar energy to heat interior spaces without relying
on mechanical devices; rely on natural heat transfer processes of conduction,
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