2025 Pediatrics Final Exam New Latest Version| Best
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The nurse is providing support to a family who is experiencing anticipatory grief related to their
child's imminent death. Which is an appropriate nursing intervention?
a. Be available to the family.
b. Attempt to "lighten the mood."
c. Suggest activities to cheer up the family.
d. Discourage crying until the actual time of death. ---------- Correct Answer ------------ ANS: A
The most appropriate intervention to provide support to a family whose child is dying is to be
available to the family. Attempting to "lighten the mood" is not supporting the family who is
experiencing anticipatory grief. Suggesting activities to cheer up the family is not acknowledging
their grief. Discouraging crying is not a therapeutic response.
Which would the nurse expect to find when assessing a child with hypoglycemia? Select all that
apply. Express answer in small letters followed by a comma and a space—e.g., a, b, c.
a. Glucose level of 10.7 mmol/L
b. Tachycardia
c. Trace of ketones in the urine
d. Blurred vision
e. Diplopia
f. Flushed skin ---------- Correct Answer ------------ ANS: B, C, E
Clinical manifestations of hypoglycemia include tachycardia, a trace of ketones in the urine, and
diplopia. A glucose level of 10.7 mmol/L, blurred vision, and flushed skin are manifestations of
hyperglycemia.
A young child with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is receiving several antiretroviral
drugs. What is the purpose of these drugs?
A. Cure the disease
B. Prevent spread of disease
C. Delay disease progression
D. Treat Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ---------- Correct Answer ------------ C. Delay disease
progression
The nurse has initiated a blood transfusion on a 10 year old child. The child begins to exhibit
signs of a transfusion reaction.What would the nurse do first?
A. Maintain a patent IV line with normal saline.
B. Take the vital signs
C. Notify the practitioner.
,D. Stop the transfusion. ---------- Correct Answer ------------ D. Stop the transfusion.
Parents of a school-age child with hemophilia ask the nurse, "Which sports are recommended for
children with hemophilia?" Which sports should the nurse recommend? Select all that apply
A. Swimming
B. Soccer
C. Basketball
D. golf ---------- Correct Answer ------------ A. Swimming
D. golf
Several blood tests are ordered for a preschool child with severe anemia. She is crying and upset
because she remembers the venipuncture done at the clinic 2 days ago. What should the nurse
explain to the child?
a. Venipuncture discomfort is very brief.
b. Only one venipuncture will be needed.
c. Topical application of local anaesthetic can eliminate venipuncture pain.
d. Most blood tests on children require only a finger puncture because a small amount of blood is
needed. ---------- Correct Answer ------------ ANS: C
Preschool children are very concerned about both pain and loss of blood. When preparing the
child for venipuncture, a topical anaesthetic (e.g., EMLA) should be used to eliminate any pain
and a bandage should be applied afterward. This is a traumatic experience for preschool children
because they are concerned about their bodily integrity. The nurse should not promise that only
one venipuncture will be needed, in case multiple attempts are required. Both finger punctures
and venipunctures are traumatic for children, so both require preparation.
When assessing the family with a child that has a severe complex condition, which will the nurse
document as characteristic of parental overprotection? Select all that apply. Express answer in
small letters followed by a comma and a space—e.g., a, b, c.
a. Inconsistent discipline
b. Sets appropriate age-related goals
c. Restricts play activities
d. Encourages wide network of friends and playmates
e. Exaggerated praise for child's every activity
f. Monopolizes child's time ---------- Correct Answer ------------ ANS: A, C, E, F
What is the initial indication of puberty in girls?
a. Menarche
b. Growth spurt
c. Growth of pubic hair
d. Breast development ---------- Correct Answer ------------ ANS: D
In most girls, the initial indication of puberty is the appearance of breast buds, an event known as
,the thelarche. The usual sequence of secondary sexual development characteristic in girls is
breast changes, rapid increase in height and weight, growth of pubic hair, appearance of axillary
hair, menstruation, and abrupt deceleration of linear growth.
What is the mean age of menarche for North American girls?
a. 11.8 years
b. 12.3 years
c. 13.7 years
d. 14.2 years ---------- Correct Answer ------------ ANS: B
The average age of menarche is 12 years and 4 months (12.3 years) in North American girls,
with a normal range of 10.5 to 15 years.
By what age should the nurse be concerned about pubertal delay in boys?
a. 12 to 12.5 years
b. 12.5 to 13 years
c. 13 to 13.5 years
d. 13.5 to 14 years ---------- Correct Answer ------------ ANS: D
Concerns about pubertal delay should be considered for boys who exhibit no enlargement of the
testes or scrotal changes from 13.5 to 14 years. Ages younger than 13.5 years are too young for
initial concern
A 14-year-old mentions that he now has to use deodorant but that he never had to before. What
knowledge is the nurse's response based on?
a. Eccrine sweat glands in the axillae become fully functional during puberty.
b. Sebaceous glands become extremely active during puberty.
c. New deposits of fatty tissue insulate the body and cause increased sweat production.
d. Apocrine sweat glands reach secretory capacity during puberty. ---------- Correct Answer ------
------ ANS: DThe apocrine sweat glands, which are nonfunctional in children, reach secretory
capacity during puberty. They secrete a thick substance as a result of emotional stimulation that,
when acted on by surface bacteria, becomes highly odoriferous. They are limited in distribution
and grow in conjunction with hair follicles in the axilla, genital, anal, and other areas. Eccrine
sweat glands are present almost everywhere on the skin; they also become fully functional and
respond to emotional and thermal stimulation. Sebaceous glands become extremely active at this
time, especially those on the genitals and the "flush" areas of the body such as face, neck,
shoulders, upper back, and chest. This increased activity is a factor in the development of acne.
New deposits of fatty tissue that insulate the body and cause increased sweat production is not
part of the etiology of apocrine sweat gland activity.
According to Erikson, what is the psychosocial task of adolescence?
a. Intimacy
b. Identity
c. Initiative
, d. Independence ---------- Correct Answer ------------ ANS: B
Traditional psychosocial theory holds that the developmental crises of adolescence lead to the
formation of a sense of identity. Intimacy is the developmental stage of early adulthood.
Initiative is the developmental stage for early childhood. Independence is not one of Erikson's
developmental stages.
According to Piaget, which period is the adolescent in when experiencing the fourth stage of
cognitive development?
a. Formal operations
b. Concrete operations
c. Conventional thought
d. Postconventional thought ---------- Correct Answer ------------ ANS: A
Cognitive thinking culminates with capacity for abstract thinking. This stage, the period of
formal operations, is Piaget's fourth and last stage. The concrete operations stage usually
develops between the ages of 7 and 11 years. Conventional and postconventional thought refer to
Kohlberg's stages of moral development.
Which aspect of cognition develops during adolescence?
a. Ability to use a future time perspective
b. Ability to place things in a sensible and logical order
c. Ability to see things from the point of view of another
d. Progress from making judgements based on what they see to judgements based on what they
reason ---------- Correct Answer ------------ ANS: A
Adolescents are no longer restricted to the real and actual. They also are concerned with the
possible; they think beyond the present. During concrete operations (between ages 7 and 11
years) children exhibit the ability to place things in a sensible and logical order, see things from
another's point of view, and make judgements based on what they reason rather than just what
they see
Why do peer relationships become more important during adolescence?
a. Adolescents dislike their parents.
b. Adolescents no longer need parental control.
c. They provide adolescents with a feeling of belonging.
d. They promote a sense of individuality in adolescents. ---------- Correct Answer ------------
ANS: C
The peer group serves as a strong support system for teenagers, providing them with a sense of
belonging, strength, and power. During adolescence, the parent-child relationship changes from
one of protection-dependency to one of mutual affection and equality. Parents continue to play
an important role in personal and health-related decisions. The peer group forms the transitional
world between dependence and autonomy.
An adolescent boy tells the nurse that he has recently had homosexual feelings. Which is the
basis for the nurse's response?
