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NURS 317 Final Exam questions with correct answers
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NURS 317 Final Exam questions with correct answers
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NURS 317 Final Exam questions with correct answersInsulin Correct Answer-Prototype drug: human regular insulin (Humulin
R, Novolin R)
**Mechanism of action: to promote entry of glucose into cells
-to promote the entry of glucose, amino acids, and potassium into cells
-to promote protein synthesis, glycogen formation and storage, and fatty
acid storage
-to conserve energy stores by promoting the utilization of glucose for
energy needs and inhibiting gluconeogenesis.
**Primary use: short-acting insulin, with an onset of 30-60 minutes, a
peak effect at 2-3 hours, and a duration of 5-7 hours to quickly decrease
blood glucose
Also for emergency management of ketoacidosis
**Indication for use :
-monotherapy to lower blood glucose levels in type 1 diabetes
-combination with other agents in type 2 diabetes
-emergency management of diabetic ketoacidosis
-gestational diabetes
Signs of hypoglycemia Correct Answer-tachycardia, confusion,
sweating, drowsiness, convulsions, coma, death
What is used to treat hypoglycemia? Correct Answer-wwPrototype drug:
Glucagon (GlucaGen)
,Mechanism of action: increases glucose levels by increasing
glycogenolysis. Stimulates uptake of amino acids.
Primary use: emergency treatment of hypoglycemia, used for
radiographic studies to relax GI tract smooth muscle
Also for emergency management of ketoacidosis
Adverse effects: Well tolerated, other effect include
nausea, vomiting, hypersensitivity reaction, transient changes in blood
pressure, tachycardia, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia
Nurse responsibility for Insulin Correct Answer--Hold insulin dose if
blood sugar is less than 70 mg/dL and report to the health care provider.
-Continue to monitor periodic lab work:
CBC, electrolytes, glucose, A1C level, lipid profile, osmolality, hepatic-
and renal-function studies.
-Assess for symptoms of hypoglycemia, especially around the time of
insulin peak activity.
- Monitor blood-glucose levels more frequently during periods of illness
or stress.
-Encourage increased physical activity but monitor blood-glucose levels
before and after exercise, and begin any new or increased exercise
routine gradually.
-Rotate insulin administration sites weekly.
Change insulin pump subcutaneous catheters every 2 to 3 days to
prevent infections at the site of insertion.
-Ensure proper storage of insulin to maintain maximum potency.
-Check urine for ketones if blood glucose is over 300 mg/dL.
,Biguanides Correct Answer--Metformin (Glucophage) only drug in this
class
-Decreases hepatic production of glucose (gluconeogenesis) and reduces
insulin resistance
-Does not promote insulin release from pancreas
-Most side effects are minor and GI-related
anorexia, nausea, and diarrhea
-New extended-release formulation of metformin (Glumetza) allows for
once-daily dosing
Rapid insulin Correct Answer-Aspart (Novolog)
Intermediate Correct Answer-NPH
Long Lasting Correct Answer-Lantus
Metaformin Correct Answer-**Mechanism of action:
decrease the hepatic production of glucose and reduce insulin resistance
in target cells
Indication for use: Treatment of type 2 diabetes
also used to treat women with polycystic ovary syndrome
**Adverse effect:
The most common adverse effects are GI related and include nausea,
vomiting, abdominal discomfort, metallic taste, diarrhea, and anorexia.
, It may also cause headache, dizziness, agitation, and fatigue.
Unlike the sulfonylureas, metformin rarely causes hypoglycemia or
weight gain.
Alpha cells of Pancreas Correct Answer-Glucagon
Beta Cells of Pancreas Correct Answer-Insulin and amylin
Delta cells Correct Answer-somatostatin
PP cells Correct Answer-Pancreatic polypeptide
Glucagon Correct Answer-- produces an increase in blood glucose
-causes cells to release stored food into the blood
-Increase transport of amino acids into liver
-Stimulates amino acid conversion into glucose
-Gluconeogenesis process
If high blood glucose Correct Answer-Pancreas releases insulin --> cells
pick up glucose from blood and liver produces glycogen---> blood
glucose drops
If low blood glucose Correct Answer-Pancreas produces glucagon--->
liver breaks down glycogen--> blood glucose rises
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