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NRNP 6665-18 Wk 8 Exam -Questions with Correct Answers/ Verified/ Latest Update (2024/2025)
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NRNP 6665-18 Wk 8 Exam -Questions with Correct Answers/ Verified/ Latest Update (2024/2025)
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NRNP 6665-18 Wk 8 Exam -Questions with Correct Answers/Verified/ Latest Update (2024/2025)
Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering) - ✔✔Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder
(Stuttering) a condition characterized by disturbances in the normal fluency and time
pattering of speech which are inappropriate for the individual's age and language skills and
persist over a period of time (Saad & Kamel, 2019).
DSM-5 Criteria - ✔✔Disturbances in normal fluency and time patterning of speech
inappropriate for age and language skills which persists over time, causes anxiety about
speaking or limits effective communication, onset is in the early development period, is not
attributable to motor or sensory deficit or associated with a neurological problem or
another medical condition, cannot be better explained by another mental health disorder
and includes one or more of the following:
1. Sound and syllable repetitions
2. Sound prolongation of consonants &/or vowels
3. Broken words
4. Audible or silent blocking
5. Word substitutions to avoid problematic words
6. Words produced with an excess of physical tension
7. Monosyllabic whole word repetitions (American Psychiatric Association, 2022).
Onset and Course - ✔✔Usually starts between ages 2-6
Onset can be insidious or sudden
Typically starts gradually with repetition of first consonants or first words in a sentence or
phrase
Approximately 5% of preschoolers are affected
Percentage drops to 1% by the end of junior high and remains at that level throughout
lifetime (Saad & Kamel, 2019)
Risk factors - ✔✔Male
Familial stuttering
Onset of speech dysfluencies more than 6-12 months ago
, Age at onset older than 3-4 years of age
No reduction in severity of stuttering within initial 7-12 months
(Saad & Kamel, 2019).
Rule out other causes for dysfluencies - ✔✔Stroke
Brain injury
Tourette's syndrome
Medications (Theophylline, phenothiazine, amitriptyline, neuroleptic drugs, etc)
Meningitis
Brain cysts or neoplasm
Genetic (Specifically mutations in gentes GNPTAB,GNPTG & NAGPA)
(Denworth, 2021).
Diagnosis - ✔✔Diagnosis is usually done by a speech-language therapist or a health
professional that is trained to test and treat individuals with voice, speech and language
disorders. (National Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders, 2017).
Evalutation will typically include an analysis of the stuttering behaviors, child's speech &
language abilities, and the impact the stuttering is having on their life (National Institute on
Deafness and other Communication Disorders, 2017).
Diagnostic Tool - ✔✔SSI-4: Stuttering Severity Instrument is a standardized stuttering
assessment which covers four areas of speech behavior including frequency, duration,
physical concomitants and naturalness of speech. The test can be used for ages 2-adulthood
and measures stuttering severity in 20 minutes or less.
TOCS: Test of Childhood Stuttering is used by clinicians to identify children who stutter,
determine it's severity, and document changes in child's fluency and functioning over time.
BAB: Behavior Assessment Battery for School age children who stutter is designed to
provide clinicians with a way to reliably measure a child's affective, behavioral and cognitive
reactions to their speech.
(Bertone, 2021).
Effects of stuttering - ✔✔Increased social anxiety
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