NRSG 3420 Adults 2 Exam 2
Nervous System is Composed of - correct answer -Central nervous system (CNS)
-Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
CNS - correct answer Brain and spinal cord
PNS - correct answer -Cranial and spinal nerves
-Autonomic Nervous System
Neuron - correct answer -A nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system
Axons & Dendrites - correct answer -Axons: Carry Impulses away from nerve cell
-Dendrites: Carry impulses toward the cell
Brain Structures - correct answer -Cerebellum
-Cerebrum
-Brainstem
Cerebrum Hemispheres - correct answer -Temporal
-Parietal
-Frontal
-Occipital
Brainstem composed of - correct answer -Midbrain (hypothalamus, thalamus)
-Pons
-Medulla
Cerebral Circulation is determined by - correct answer Cerebral blood flow is determined by:
-Viscosity of blood
-Vasodilation
-CPP (cerebral perfusion pressure)
Autoregulation - correct answer Automatic adjustment of blood flow to each tissue in
proportion to its requirements at any given point in time
-Maintained by cerebral blood flow: Cerebral arterioles, mean arterial pressure (MAP)
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) - correct answer Perfusion depends on BP & CO2
Normal MAP: 70-100
,NRSG 3420 Adults 2 Exam 2
<60 peripheral organs not perfused
<50 Brain not perfused
**Critical to maintain normal MAP w/ ^^ICP**
Neurological Assessment - correct answer Subj/Obj. data
-Physical exam: Mental status, Motor sys./cerbellar function, sensory sys., reflexes, cranial
nerves, DTR (0-4 w/ a score of 2 as normal)
Autonomic Nervous System composed of - correct answer -Parasympathetic nervous system
-Sympathetic nervous system
-Enteric system (digestive process)
Parasympathetic nervous system - correct answer REST & DIGEST
-Constricts pupils
-Saliva production
-vvHR
-Stimulates GI/GU
-Promotes erection of genitals
Sympathetic nervous system - correct answer Fight or flight
-Dilates pupils
-^^HR
-Stimulates epi & norepi., glucose release
-Inhibits GI/GU
-Promotes ejaculation & vag. contractions
LOC in adults is assessed how - correct answer With Glasgow Coma Scale
Glassgow Coma Scale (GCS) - correct answer Measures LOC by evaluating the best eye (4),
motor (5), and verbal (6) responses to stimuli;
-Minor Brain injury: 13-15 points:
-Moderate Brain injury: 9-12 points:
-Severe Brain Injury (Comatose): 3-8 points (If at 8 intubate)
Normal ICP - correct answer -In adults ranges from 0-15 mmHg
, NRSG 3420 Adults 2 Exam 2
(15mmHg is high end of normal)
-Typically, sustained ICP levels above 20 mmHg can result in brain injury
Causes of Intracranial Pressure (ICP) - correct answer -Trauma
-Brain Tumor/Hemorrhage/Edema
-^^CSF production
-vvCSF absorption
-Encephalopathies
ICP can cause - correct answer -CEREBRAL EDEMA 2/2 vvPerfusion
-Hypercapnia (increased CO2)
-Cerebral acidosis
-Impaired autoregulation
-Systemic HTN
ICP: Early S/S - correct answer -vvLOC (earliest & most sensitive sign)
-HA that ^^s in intensity; worse in A.M.
-Disorientation
-Confusion
-Restlessness
-^^Resp. effort
-Purposeless mvmt.
-Unilateral weakness
-Language or speech changes
-Pupillary changes: Fixed, dilated, inequality of pupils, diplopia, ptosis
ICP: Late S/S - correct answer -Deteriorating LOC
-Fever w/o UNK source
-Worsening Resp. patterns (brady)
-Projectile vomit
-Bilat pupil dilation
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