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Criminology WJEC Unit 4 AI & PLC Revision Exam Questions and answers
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Criminology WJEC Unit 4 AI & PLC Revision Exam Questions and answers
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Criminology WJEC Unit 4 AI & PLCRevision Exam Questions and
answers
(1.1) How is a law is proposed in the UK? - -Starts with a green paper which
allows the public consultation on a new potential law to be discussed.
-What makes up parliament? - -Monarch
House of Lords
House of Commons
-What's a white paper? - -Comes after the green paper allowing for formal
proposals into the law to be made with formal proposals as a draft bill
created & presented to parliament.
-What's the House of Commons? - -Full of MP's elected by public for each
constituency, it's the most important part of parliament. 650 members of
parliament (MP's)
-What's the House of Lords? - -Called peers also, around 800 and historically
have been hereditary positions passed from farther to eldest son but only 92
of them exist and 26 Church of England bishops. The primary role is to act as
a double check on new laws.
-What is a monarch - -The current king or queen
-What is the step by step process for law introduction - --Green paper
-White paper
-First reading
-Second reading
-Committee Stage
-Report stage
-Third reading
-Lords
-Royal ascent
-Green & White paper - -A bill being put before parliament usually presents
a Green paper being published and provokes public discussion and includes
questions for interested entities to respond to.
After consultation the government publishes white paper setting out detailed
plan for legislation and usually includes draft version of bill.
, -First reading - -Introduces bill into commons and receives first reading and
formally announces the bill and vote allowing it to the next stages.
-Second reading - -Main principles undergo discussion and debate by whole
commons and voted on (usually won) then moves into next stage.
-Committee stage - -Examined in detail line by line by small committee of
MP's from different parties and then will report back to whole house and
propose amendments to the bill.
-Report stage - -MP's will discuss any amendments and committees report,
major bills may mean in debates being spread over multiple days.
-Third reading - -Report stage usually immediately follows with the third
reading which is the final change of any debates to be made and no
amendments will be allowed, can either be accepted or rejected by the
house.
-Lords - -The process will then be repeated through the same stages in the
commons and if amended will be returned to commons for further accepting
or denial of the lords amendments. Commons has final say due to being
elected representatives.
-Royal assent - -The final agreement from the monarch to make the bill into
an act of parliament (law) and law comes into affect immediately unless
specified later date (commencement order)
-(1.2) Law creation & Administration - -Passing of criminal laws by
parliament and running of justice system by government departments
-Law enforcement - -Police enforce the law
-The courts - -Courts provide a fair trial and decide the outcome of criminal
cases
-Punishment of convicted offenders - -Prisons and probation service punish
offenders by holding them for their term etc
-Main agencies of the Criminal Justice System - -Law creation (through
parliament and judges)
Police (their enforcement of the law and apprehension of offenders)
CPS (prosecuting offenders)
HM Courts & tribunal service (court administration)
Courts (magistrates & crown courts)
HM Prison & probation (imprisonment & probation)
, -Police role in CJS - -The police enforce the law and investigate crimes,
collect the evidence, detain and question suspects in criminal investigations.
Can also issue their own punishments in minor cases, have 43 regional police
forces in England & Wales.
-Crown Prosecution Service - -Is the independent prosecution body for
England and Wales passing around 500 cases a year. Role is to advise police
in investigation & evidence, assesses evidence the police submit and decides
to prosecute or not and charges. Full code test is applied to all CPS decisions
and then presents the prosecution in court.
-HM Courts and Tribunals Service in CJS - -They are responsible for the
administration of courts and tribunals across England & Wales.
-Courts - -After suspect is charged they're Brought before magistrates and
peals guilty or not guilty and discuss pre-trial matters, guilty pleas lead to
sentencing hearing, non guilty lead to trial arrangements.
Crown, Dealing with serious offences judge & jury
Magistrates, dealing with less serious offences (95% of all)
-HM Prison and Probation Service - -Is in charge of carrying out sentences
by the courts, HM Prison service supervises offenders in custody and the
National Probation Service supervises offenders serving sentences in
community and on license, etc.
NPS & HM Prison also aim to rehabilitate offenders.
-Relationships between justice agencies - -Police
CPS
Gov Departments
HM Courts & Tribunal Services
NPS
HM Prison Service
-Police - -· Work to ensure public safety via enforcing the law (law enforcers)
· Work closely with the CPS (Crown prosecution service) 24/7 (via CPS Direct)
where they will be advised on lines of enquiry, collection of evidence,
investigations, care of suspects, witnesses and victims.
· Can work with HM Prison service to organise interviews with prisoners if
needed in further investigations.
· Can appear in courts to testify.
· Work with probation service to determine eligibility for parole and
behaviour of offender.
· Can work with HM Prison service & probation services to recall prisoners on
probation back into custody.
· Police may also work with charities and support groups / organisations to
give witnesses and victims support from organisations.
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