Exam (elaborations)
Meteorology ATPL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024
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Exam of 20 pages for the course ATPL at ATPL (Meteorology ATPL)
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Meteorology ATPLWhat is ICAO? - answer A specialized agency of the United Nations, it codifies the
principles and techniques of international air navigation and fosters the planning and
development of international air transport to ensure safe and orderly growth
What is WMO? - answer A specialized agency of the United Nations. For meteorology
(weather and climate) operational hydrology and related geophysical sciences
Who makes the upper air forecasts? - answer entrées (WAFC)
Who makes the aerodrome forecasts- TAFor and Briefing documents? - answer
Meteorological offices (MO) (veðurstofan)
Who makes SIGMET and AIRMET? - answer Meteorological watch offices (MWO)
(veðurstofan)
Who makes the METAR, SPECI and MET reports? - answer Aeronautical
meteorological stations (AMS) (veðurstofan)
Who gathers information on volcanic ash? - answerThe Volcanic Ash Advisory Centres
(VAAC)
Who gathers information on tropical cyclones? - answerTropical cyclone advisory
centres (TCAC)
What is the atmosphere? - answerThe spheroidal gaseous envelope surrounding a
heavenly body
Below how many km does the composition of main gases not vary with height (except
for ozone)? - answerBelow 60km
What are the constituents of the atmosphere? - answerNitrogen=78%
Oxygen=21%
(main gases)
and then trace gases:
Argon=0,95%
Carbon dioxide= 0,04%
What are important characteristics of air? - answerAir is a poor conductor and it acts as
a fluid
,Earths atmosphere varies vertically and horizontally in..... - answerPressure,
temperature, density, humidity
The vertical variation of temperature (temperature lapse rate) provides basis for the
division of the atmosphere into distinctive layers
How is the structure of the atmosphere? - answer1. troposphere 0-11km
2. stratosphere 11-50km
3. Mesosphere 50-80km
4.Ionosphere 80-700km
5. Exosphere +700km
How long up does the troposphere extend? - answerUp to about 11 km height (8-18 km
depending on location)
How much mass does the troposphere have in the atmosphere? - answerIt contains
about 75% of the mass in the atmosphere, therefore almost all of the weather
How is the temperature in the troposphere? - answerIt decreases from the surface
upwards, caused by expansion of the air (1,98°C/1000' or 0,65°C/100m)
How is the troposphere at the poles, at the mid-latitudes and at the equator? - answerAt
the poles it is up to 8km (26000ft) and is up to -40°C, at the mid latitudes it is up to 11
km (36000ft) and is up to -55°C and then at the equator it is up to 16km (53000ft) and -
75°C
What is the tropopause? - answerIt is a transition from the troposphere to the
stratosphere, it is defined as the place where the temperature no longer reduces with
increased height
How is the temperature and the height in the tropopause? - answerTemperature ranges
from -40 (polar) to -80 (equator) but is on average -56,5°C at 11km, height is from 8-
10km over the poles and 16-18 km over the equator
What is the definition of WMO? - answerThe boundary between the troposphere and
the stratosphere, where an abrupt change in lapse rate usually occurs. It is defined as
the lowest level at which the lapse rate decreases to 2°C/km or less provided that the
average lapse rate between this level and all higher levels within 2 km does not exceed
2°C/km
What does the tropopause height usually mark? - answerThe maximum cloud height,
the presence of jet stream, the presence of CAT (clear air turbulance or TURB) and the
maximum wind speed
Altitude of the tropopause varies with temperature and therefore..... - answerTime of
year, latitude and time of day
, What is the stratosphere and how is its height and temperature? - answerIt is 11-50km,
the temperature there stops decreasing with height and initially remains constant up to
20km.
Why does the temperature in the stratosphere start increasing with height? -
answerBecause of the ozone layer and the sun's ultraviolet radiation is absorbed in the
formation of ozone.
Is there any vapor in the stratosphere? - answerNo almost none, there are nacreous
clouds and mother of pearl clouds (glitský)
How is the height and temperature in the mesosphere and what kind of clouds can you
usually find there? - answer50-80km, the lowest temperature is found there (-73°C) and
you can usually find noctillucent clouds there (silfurský)
Why does the air in the Ionosphere become ionized? - answerBecause of sunrays
(aurora borealis and radio waves)
What layer is above the ionosphere? - answerThe exosphere, which is the outermost
layer, the gas density there is very low
What changes as the aircraft operating altitude increases? - answerThe concentrations
of ozone and cosmic radiation become of greater importance to the aviator
How is ozone classed? - answerAs a deep lung irritant and is extremely toxic
What are the symptoms of ozone poisoning? - answerNausea, coughing, headaches,
fatigue, dizziness, shortness of breath, chest pains, burning sensation in the nose and
throat and then loss of co-ordination and decreased ability to concentrate
In what height can you expect atmospheric hazards? - answerAbove 50.000ft normal
concentrations of ozone exceed tolerable limits and air needs to be filtered before
entering the cabin
Is cosmic radiation hazardous? - answerNo not normally, but at times of solar flare
activity a lower flight level may be necessary
What is ISA? - answerInternational Standard Atmosphere
How is the MSL temperature at ISA? - answer+15°C
What is the MSL pressure in ISA? - answer1013,25 hPa
What is the MSL density in ISA? - answer1,225kg/m3
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