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SOC 200 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024
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SOC 200 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024
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SOC 200 FINAL EXAMWhat did Emile Durkheim claim was the defining trait of modernity? - ANSWERS-
Modernization is defined by an increasing division of labor, or specialized
economic activity. Every member of a traditional society performs more or less
the same daily round of activities; modern societies function by having people
perform highly specific jobs.
What was Durkheims greatest concern about modern societies? - ANSWERS-He
feared that modern societies might become so diverse that they would collapse
into anomie, a condition in which society provides little moral guidance to
individuals.
What concept did Max Weber use to define modernity? - ANSWERS-Modernity
meant replacing a traditional worldview with a rational way of thinking. To
modern people "truth" is the result of rational calculation. Because they value
efficiency and have little reverence for the past, modern people readily adopt
new social patterns that allow them to achieve their goals.
According to Max Weber what evidence is there for modernization? - ANSWERS-
The distinctive character of modern society was its rational worldview. Virtually
all of Weber's work on modernity centered on types of people he considered
typical of their age: the scientist, the capitalist, and the bureaucrat. Each is
rational to the core: The scientist is committed to the orderly discovery of truth,
the capitalist to the orderly pursuit of profit, and the bureaucrat to the orderly
conformity to a system of rules.
,Mass society - ANSWERS-Mass society is a society in which prosperity and
bureaucracy have weakened traditional social ties. A mass society is highly
productive; on average, people have more income than ever. At the same time, it
is marked by weak kinship and impersonal neighborhoods, leaving individuals
feeling socially isolated.
What criticism of modern society does mass society theory offer? - ANSWERS-
Although many people have material plenty, they are spiritually weak and often
experience moral uncertainty about how to live.
How do individuals typically experience modern mass society? - ANSWERS-
Geographic mobility, mass communication, and exposure to diverse ways of life
all weaken traditional values. People become more tolerant of social diversity,
defending individual rights and freedom of choice. The mass media give rise to a
national culture that washes over traditional differences that used to set off one
region from another.
According to David Riesman, what is tradition directed social character and other
directed social character? - ANSWERS-modernization brings changes in social
character, personality patterns common to members of a particular society.
Tradition-directedness is a rigid conformity to time-honored ways of living. Other-
directedness is an openness to the latest trends and fashions, often expressed by
imitating others.
According to class society theory what is the key problem of living in modern
society? - ANSWERS-People in modern society suffer from alienation and
powerlessness not anomie
, What did Herbert Marcuse have to say about science? - ANSWERS-Marcuse
believes that science causes the worlds problems, not solves them.
In the US what does our culture make us think modernity involves? - ANSWERS-
We link modernity to the idea of progress (from the Latin, meaning "moving
forward"), a state of continual improvement. We see stability as stagnation. in the
United States, a rising standard of living has made lives longer and more
comfortable, however measures of happiness over the last twenty-five years have
actually gone down
What do the Kaiapo of Brazil and the hog hammock community show us? -
ANSWERS-Change is not a simple path toward progress. These people may be
moving toward modernity, but this process will have both positive and negative
consequences.
What does the concept of post modernity mean? - ANSWERS-the transformations
caused by the Information Revolution and the postindustrial economy.
What do most scholars who take a postmodernist approach claim about
modernity? - ANSWERS-1- in important aspects, modernity has failed, 2- the
bright light of progress is fading, 3- science no longer holds the answers, 4-
cultural debates are intensifying, 5- social institutions are changing.
What indicators might show that life in the US might be getting worse? -
ANSWERS-high poverty rates, increasing economic inequality, and the widespread
sense of financial insecurity. Environmental pollution and global warming have
been created and are getting worse.
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