Paleolthic Era - the first part of the stone age Old Stone Age - before humans
Mesolithic Era - Humans appear - the middle part of the Stone Age; marked by the creation of
smaller and more complex tools
Nelothic Age - New Stone Age -
Marked by agricultural introduction
better understanding of the growing seasons and use of water resources and division of labor
among women children men and animals)
Settlements in east spreading to Europe
Sophisticated stone tools - appearances of pottery and clay and figurines - presence of religion
as well
Neolithic Revolution - The switch from nomadic lifestyles to a settled agricultural lifestyle is this
revolution.
hunter-gatherers - People who hunt animals and gather wild plants, seeds, fruits, and nuts to
survive
Where were carvings more common as an artistic expression to understand ancient eras? -
Europe due to terrain
Where were figurines more commonas an artistic expression to understand ancient eras?? -
East Asia Africa and the Americas
Put the following eras in order
Neolithic
Paleolithic
Mesolithic - P--> M--> N
What is ecology? - The study of interactions between organisms and their environment
Why is ecology important in understanding human history - Much Of human experience in
history has been a quest for finding and establishing food sources and nourishment. The
relationship between nature and man is important to understand human history progress and
behavioral patterns.
, Explain the Pre-Historic Hunter Gather Societies - Bands of scavenging humans who hunted
medium sized animals and collected roots and fruits
Lived in forest - easy access to shelter and food
Moved occasionally after exhausting resources
Did not build houses - lived in open air - cave men nickname
Stone tools
Mesolithic period is the period in which they are mostly associated - BEFORE NEOLITHIC
REVOLUTION
Which studies help us understand human history based on art such as cavings figurines and
other materials uncovered/unearthed in the ground or in nature? - Archeologist and
Paleontologist
What is zoomorphism? - having or representing animal forms or gods of animal form.
anthropomorphic - attributing human characteristics or qualities to objects, animals, or gods
Ideas of protective ancestor spirits (evident in burial traditions)
Figurines and art that allow us to understand their religion and may have been used in
ceremony
some figurines are Often zoomorphic or anthropomorphic
What are the main characteristics / themes to keep in mind when discussing early civilizations?
- - Settled agricultural societies which =
- Labor specialization which =
- Social stratification
- Trade
- Political structure to organize this
What is a huge example of agricultural innovations of the time? - Seed adoption - the use of
seeds from fruits and things in order to replant them and get more - especially with an emphasis
on seeds with higher yields or bigger produce to sustain populations
How did early civilization's transition to settled societies impact their political and social life? - It
created a more agriculturally productive society that led to less need for more people to work in
agriculture which allowed for them to focus on other activities which led to specialization of
labor. With this specialization of labor you have more social stratification which leads to military
class, priest class artisan class, etc.
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