Exam (elaborations)
NURS 401- Final Exam
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NURS 401- Final Exam NURS 401- Final Exam NURS 401- Final Exam
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NURS 401- Final Examcardiac catheterization - ANS most definitive and most invasive test- includes studies of the right and left
side of the heart and the coronary arteries
indication for cardiac cath - ANS confirm suspected heart disease, determine location and extent of
disease, determine best therapeutic option, evaluate effects of treatment
patient prep for cardiac cath - ANS assess anxiety and fear, hydration pre and post helps minimize
contrast induce renal toxicity, assess iodine allergy, supine position
post cardiac cath care - ANS o bedrest (2-6hr) and keep insertion site extremity straight, VS q15min for
1hr then q30min for 2hr then q4hr, assess insertion site for bleeding or hematoma, peripheral pulses, IV
fluids
S/S of cardiac ischemic (post cardiac cath) - ANS chest pain, dysrhythmias, bleeding, hematoma
formation, or dramatic change in peripheral pulses = call the rapid response team, remain with patient,
perform 12 lead ECG
hematoma post cardiac cath - ANS hold steady, firm pressure to the access site and call the rapid
response team
stroke post cardiac cath - ANS neuro changes- visual disturbances, slurred speech, swallowing
difficulties, and extremity weakness
cardiac cath complications - ANS MI, stroke, arterial bleeding, thromboembolism, lethal dysrhythmias,
arterial dissection, death
goal of hemodynamic monitoring - ANS maintain adequate tissue perfusion
,hemodynamic monitoring - ANS pulmonary artery catheter- inflate balloon, pressure reading when the
artery is blocked, do not forget to deflate balloon; measures information on the LV
invasive hemodynamics - ANS provides quantitative information about vascular capacity, BV, pump
effectiveness, and tissue perfusion
diastole - ANS amount of pressure/force against the arterial walls during relaxation phase of the heart
systole - ANS amount of pressure/force generated by the LV to distribute blood into the aorta with each
contraction of the heart
flow of blood through heart - ANS Inferior and superior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve,
pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aorta
heart valves - ANS prevent back flow of blood- tricuspid, pulmonic, bicuspid, aortic
MI in females - ANS less likely to experience chest pain, discomfort or indigestion, chronic fatigue,
inability to catch their breath
normal CV findings - ANS S1 and S2
abnormal CV findings - ANS poor cardiac output and decreased cerebral perfusion may cause confusion,
memory loss, and slowed verbal responses- cyanosis, pallor, clubbing, hypertension, postural
hypotension, JVD, bruits
S/S of chronic HF - ANS malnourished, thin, cachectic
, S/S of late severe right sided HF - ANS ascites, jaundice, generalized edema
P wave - ANS atrial depolarization
QRS complex - ANS ventricular depolarization
T wave - ANS ventricular repolarization
U wave - ANS if present, slow depolarization of purkinjie fibers
PR interval - ANS 0.12-0.2
ST segment - ANS early ventricular repolarization
QRS duration - ANS 0.04-0.12
normal sinus rhythm - ANS rate 60-100, regular, P waves present and consistent, normal PR interval and
QRS duration
normal sinus rhythm strip - ANS
premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) - ANS early rhythm complexes, pause before normal rhythm
after premature complexes- palpations, high frequency affects CO
premature ventricular contractions strip - ANS
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