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2024 NAPLEX BIOSTATISTICS EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 NAPLEX BIOSTATISTICS EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 NAPLEX BIOSTATISTICSEXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
continuous data - CORRECT-ANSWERSvalues that continuously
increase/decrease by same amount
types of continuous data - CORRECT-ANSWERSinterval: has NO meaningful
zero
ratio: has meaningful zero (0 = none)
types of discrete (categorical) data - CORRECT-ANSWERSnominal: arbitrary
order
ordinal: ranked and has logical order
Mean - CORRECT-ANSWERSThe average value
When is regression used - CORRECT-ANSWERSIt is commonly used in
observational studies where researches need to assess multiple independent
variables or need to control many confounding factors
3 types of regression - CORRECT-ANSWERS1. Linear - for continuous data
2. Logistic- for categorical data
3. Cox regression- for categorical data in a survival analysis
What does correlation prove - CORRECT-ANSWERSCorrelation whether
positive or negative, does NOT prove a causal relationship
Equivalence trial - CORRECT-ANSWERSattempts to demonstrate that the new
treatment has roughly the same effect as the old treatment
-Will test for 2 directions; higher and lower directions= Two-way margins
Non-inferority trial - CORRECT-ANSWERSattempt to demonstrate that the
new treatment is not much worse than the old treatment
-Test in one way (one-way margin)
Sensitivity - CORRECT-ANSWERSThe TRUE POSITIVE
-Describes how effectively a test identifies patients with the condition
, # that test positive/# who are positive
Specificity - CORRECT-ANSWERSTHE TRUE NEGATIVE
-How effectively a test identifies patients without the condition (the higher
specificity, the better the test- a test with 100% specificity will be negative in
all patients with the condition)
Sensitivity Equation - CORRECT-ANSWERS[A/(A+C)x100]
Specificity equation - CORRECT-ANSWERS[D/(B+D)x100]
Forest Plots provide: - CORRECT-ANSWERSConfidence intervals for difference
data or ratio data
-Used either for a single study in which individual endpoints are pooled into a
composite endpoint, or more commonly, when the results from multiple
studies are pooled together into a single study
Box (shaded) on forest plot - CORRECT-ANSWERSShows the effect estimate
from the single study
-Size of the box correlates with size of the effect (event)
Diamond box on forest plot - CORRECT-ANSWERSPooled results= more than
1 study
-Bigger diamond= larger pooled effect size
Horizontal line on forest plot - CORRECT-ANSWERSRange of the confidence
interval
-->if a wide range (longer line) the data is less reliable and harder to apply to
people in the real world
If width of the diamond is large - CORRECT-ANSWERSCorrelates same
purpose as the larger line- it correlates pooled data from the confidence
intervals
If forest plots are reporting difference data (means data), the horizontal line
is set at: - CORRECT-ANSWERSZero
--> if number crosses zero will tell you if the result is significant or not
In forest plots that are reporting ratio data the vertical line will be set at -
CORRECT-ANSWERS0
-> so results will be statistically significant if 1 is not included for the ratio
data
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