MN 551 Unit 2 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
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Course
MN 551
Institution
MN 551
MN 551 Unit 2 UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER- the reaction of vascularized tissues to injury
-localizes and eliminates microbes, foreign particles, and abnormal cells and paves the way
for repair of injured tissue
-conditions that involve this end...
MN 551 Unit 2 UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔the reaction of vascularized tissues to injury
-localizes and eliminates microbes, foreign particles, and abnormal cells and paves the way
for repair of injured tissue
-conditions that involve this end in -itis
redness
swelling
heat
pain
Loss of function - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔What are the cardinal signs of inflammation
acute-phase response - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔-the systemic manifestations that may
occur during acute inflammation
Acute inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔-the immediate and early response to an
injurious agent
-lasts a few minutes to several days and is characterized by exudation (slow escape) of fluid
and plasma components and emigration of leukocytes (predominantly neutrophils) into the
extravascular tissues
-involves the vascular and cellular stages
Chronic inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔-lasts for days to years, and is associated
with the presence of lymphocytes and macrophages, proliferation of blood vessels, fibrosis,
and tissue necrosis
Vascular phase - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔-the first stage of acute inflammation
characterized by changes in the small blood vessels at the site of injury, which is marked by
tissue edema
-begins with momentary vasoconstriction followed rapidly by vasodilation (causes heat and
redness)
,-this increase vascular permeability and protein rich fluid (exudate) flows into the
extravascular spaces
-the loss of proteins reduces capillary osmotic pressure and increases interstitial osmotic
pressure
-an increase in capillary pressure causes an outflow of fluid that accumulates in the tissue
spaces causing swelling, pain, and impaired function
-as fluid leaves the vessels the blood clots due to stagnation of flow
Cellular phase - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔-the second stage of acute inflammation, marked
by changes in epithelial cells lining the vasculature and movement of phagocytic leukocytes
into the area of injury or infection
-includes these sequence of events: leukocyte margination and adhesion to the endothelium,
transmigration across the endothelium, chemotaxis, and activation and phagocytosis
endothelial cells - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔- cells in the thick lining of blood vessels that
form a selectively permeable barrier between the blood in vessels and surrounding tissues
-these cells produce antiplatelet and antithrombotic agents to keep the vessel patent and
vasodilators and vasoconstrictors to regulate blood flow
-they also provide a selectively permeable barrier to inflammatory stimuli, modulate immune
responses through synthesis and release of inflammatory modulators, and secrete
hematopoetic colony-stimulating factors (CSFs)
-they also produce growth factors that stimulate angiogenesis
-serve as an indicator of vascular dysfunction in people with lupus
Platelets/thrombocytes - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔-cells that when activated release potent
inflammatory mediators (mostly proteins) that affect increase vascular permeability and alter
properties of endothelial cells
-associated with a lot of inflammatory disease processes
Neutrophil - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔-primary phagocyte that arrive to the site of
inflammation within 90 mins of injury
-have nuclei that are divided into 5 lobes so they are referred to as PMNs or segmented (segs)
-able to generate hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide that assist in destroying engulfed debris
-the number of these normally increase in response to inflammation, especially bacteria; but
they have a short lifespan and must be constantly replaced
leukocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔-high WBC count, frequently seen with bacterial
infections and tissue injury
bands - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔immature neutrophils released from the bone marrow
with horseshoe shaped nuclei
monocytes/macrophages - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔-a type of WBC that is released from
bone marrow
-promote regeneration of tissue by releasing growth factors, platelet activating factor,
inflammatory cytokines, and other vasoactive mediators
-They engulf large amounts of foreign material at the site of inflammation
-help destroy the agent causing inflammation, aid to signal the immune process, and resolve
the inflammatory process while initiating the healing process
Eosinophils - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔-WBCs that increase in the blood during allergic
reactions and parasitic infections
Basophils - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔-a WBC that produces histamine by binding IgE to
receptors on their cell surface
Mast cells - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔-derive from the same stem cells as basophils but
don't develop until they leave the circulation and lodge in tissue
-involved in IgE triggered reactions and helminth infections
-synthesize lipid mediators and stimulate cytokine and chemokine synthesis by other
inflammatory cells
immediate transient response - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔-occurs with minor injury
-Develops rapidly and is reversible and short duration
-affects venules, leaving capillaries and arterioles unaffected
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