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PN 140 Test 4 Practice Questions: Part 2 Questions and Answers 2024/2025PN 140 Test 4 Practice Questions: Part 2 Questions and Answers 2024/2025 $14.49   Add to cart

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PN 140 Test 4 Practice Questions: Part 2 Questions and Answers 2024/2025PN 140 Test 4 Practice Questions: Part 2 Questions and Answers 2024/2025

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A patient on a medical unit has a potassium level of 6.8 mEq/L. What is the priority action that the nurse should take? a. Place the patient on a cardiac monitor. b. Check the patient's BP. c. Instruct the patient to avoid high-potassium foods. d. Call the lab and request a redraw of the lab...

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PN 140 Test 4 Practice Questions: Part 2
Questions and Answers 2024/2025
A patient on a medical unit has a potassium level of 6.8 mEq/L. What is the priority action

that the nurse should take?




a. Place the patient on a cardiac monitor.

b. Check the patient's BP.

c. Instruct the patient to avoid high-potassium foods.

d. Call the lab and request a redraw of the lab to verify results.


 a. Dysrhythmias may occur with an elevated potassium level and are potentially
lethal. Monitor the rhythm while contacting physician or calling the rapid response
team.


How do you determine that a patient's oliguria is associated with acute renal failure (ARF)?




A. Specific gravity of urine at 3 different times is 1.010.

B. The serum creatinine level is normal.

C. The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level is normal or below.

D. Hypokalemia is identified.

 A. Specific gravity of urine at 3 different times is 1.010.


A urinalysis may show casts, red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), a specific

gravity fixed at about 1.010, and urine osmolality at about 300 mOsm/kg.



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A patient is admitted to the hospital with CKD. You understand that this condition is

characterized by




A. Progressive irreversible destruction of the kidneys

B. A rapid decrease in urinary output with an elevated BUN level

C. Increasing creatinine clearance with a decrease in urinary output

D. Prostration, somnolence, and confusion with coma and imminent death

 A. Progressive irreversible destruction of the kidneys


CKD involves progressive, irreversible loss of kidney function.




Measures indicated in the conservative therapy of CKD include




A. decreased fluid intake, carbohydrate intake, and protein intake.

B. increased fluid intake; decreased carbohydrate intake and protein intake.

C. decreased fluid intake and protein intake; increased carbohydrate intake.

D. decreased fluid intake and carbohydrate intake; increased protein intake.

 C. decreased fluid intake and protein intake; increased carbohydrate intake.


Water and any other fluids are not routinely restricted in the pre-end-stage renal disease

(ESRD) stages. Patients on hemodialysis have a more restricted diet than patients receiving

peritoneal dialysis. For those receiving hemodialysis, as their urinary output diminishes, fluid

restrictions are enhanced. Intake depends on the daily urine output. Generally, 600 mL (from

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insensible loss) plus an amount equal to the previous day's urine output is allowed for a patient

receiving hemodialysis. Patients are advised to limit fluid intake so that weight gains are no

more than 1 to 3 kg between dialyses (interdialytic weight gain). For the patient who is

undergoing dialysis, protein is not routinely restricted. The beneficial role of protein restriction

in CKD stages 1 through 4 as a means to reduce the decline in kidney function is being

studied. Historically, dietary counseling often encouraged restriction of protein for CKD

patients. Although there is some evidence that protein restriction has benefits, many patients

find these diets difficult to adhere to. For CKD stages 1 through 4, many clinicians encourage

a diet with normal protein intake. However, you should teach patients to avoid high-protein

diets and supplements because they may overstress the diseased kidneys.




Nurses need to educate patients at risk for CKD. Which individuals are considered to be at

increased risk (select all that apply)?




A. Older African Americans

B. Individuals older than 60 years

C. Those with a history of pancreatitis

D. Those with a history of hypertension

E. Those with a history of type 2 diabetes


 A. Older African Americans
B. Individuals older than 60 years

D. Those with a history of hypertension

E. Those with a history of type 2 diabetes



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Risk factors for CKD include diabetes mellitus, hypertension, age older than 60 years,

cardiovascular disease, family history of CKD, exposure to nephrotoxic drugs, and ethnic

minorities (e.g., African American, Native American).




A patient with a history of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) resulting from diabetes mellitus has

presented to the outpatient dialysis unit for his scheduled hemodialysis. Which assessment

should you prioritize before, during, and after his treatment?




A. Level of consciousness

B. Blood pressure and fluid balance

C. Temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure

D. Assessment for signs and symptoms of infection

 B. Blood pressure and fluid balance


Although all of the assessments are relevant to the care of a patient receiving hemodialysis,

the nature of the procedure indicates a particular need to monitor blood pressure and fluid

balance.




Which statement regarding continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is of highest

priority when teaching a patient new to this procedure?




A. "It is essential that you maintain aseptic technique to prevent peritonitis."

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