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Med Surg Exam #2: Fluid & Electrolytes + Acid Base Balance/147 Questions with Solutions
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Med Surg Exam #2: Fluid & Electrolytes + Acid Base Balance/147 Questions with Solutions
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Med Surg Exam #2: Fluid & Electrolytes +Acid Base Balance/147 Questions with
Solutions
2/3 of our fluid is found ___________. - -intracellular
-1/3 of our fluid is found _________. - -extracellular
-Loss of ECF into a space that does not contribute to equilibrium between
the ICF and the ECF is referred to as - -Third spacing
-What are the major cations of the body? - -sodium, potassium, calcium,
magnesium, hydrogen ions
-What are the major anions of the body? - -chloride, bicarbonate,
phosphate, sulfate, proteinate ions
-Why do newborn infants experience issues with diarrhea? - -More than half
of their total body fluid is extracellular so they may lose so much of that fluid
leading to electrolyte disturbances.
-To keep the body in homeostasis when fluids or electrolytes are lost, what
must happen? - -They must be replaced
-To keep the body in homeostasis when fluids or electrolytes are in excess,
what must happen? - -Assist the body to eliminate the excess
-Cations help with __________. - -Regulation
-Anions help with __________. - -Distribution
-Secreted through the adrenal glands to aid in controlling ECF volume by
regulating the amount of sodium (& water following na+) reabsorbed by the
kidneys: - -Aldosterone
-Controlled by the pituitary gland to regulate the osmotic pressure of ECF by
regulating the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidneys; against
elimination: - -Antiduretic Hormone (ADH)
-The net passive movement of water from one solution of high concentration
of water through a semipermeable membrane to another solution containing
a lower concentration of water is termed: - -Osmosis
, -The net passive movement of molecules from an area of high concentration
through a semipermeable membrane to an area containing a lower
concentration of solutes is termed: - -Diffusion
-When assessing a patient's total body water percentage, the nurse is aware
that all of the following factors influence this except:
A. Age
B. Fat tissue
C. Muscle mass
D. Gender - -D.
-Mr. Wenceslao is scheduled to receive an isotonic solution; which one of the
following is an example of such solution? (select all that apply)
A. D5 W
B. 3% NS
C. 0.9% saline
D.) 0.45% saline - -A, C
-Fluids would be likely to leave or filter out of the capillary if __________.
1. Net hydrostatic pressure (HP) is greater than net osmotic pressure (OP)
2. Net filtration pressure (NFP) is negative
3. Osmotic pressure (OP) in the capillary is high
4. Net hydrostatic pressure (HP) is less than net osmotic pressure (OP) - -1.
-osmotic pressure - -pressure that must be applied to prevent osmotic
movement across a selectively permeable membrane
-Osmotic duiresis - -increase in urine output caused by the excretion of
substances
-A patient comes into the ER with third degree burns over his body and is
experiencing third spacing. What might the nurse have to administer to pull
fluid back into the ICF? - -Albumin
-Osmotic pressure produced by the protein molecules in the plasma.
Because proteins are large molecules, they do not pass through the
separating membranes of the capillary cells but exert a constant osmotic pull
that draws fluid and waste products back into the capillaries for transport to
the kidneys for filtration and excretion. - -Colloidal osmotic pressure
-Measures the solute concentration per kilogram in blood and urine----
primarily reflects the concentrations of sodium----a good indication of
dehydration. - -Osmolality
-serum osmality - -275 - 290
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