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UNE BIOCHEMISTRY UNIT 1 TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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UNE BIOCHEMISTRY UNIT 1 TESTQUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is the pKa? - ANSWER logKa (-log saturation limit)
When is a functional group ionized? (With regard to pKa and pH?) -
ANSWERIonized if the pKa is less than the pH. If the pH exceeds that of the
solution, it is protonated.
What is an allosteric activator? - ANSWERB binds to the enzyme's active site
and helps to activate
What is an allosteric inhibitor? - ANSWERB binds to active enzymes and
inhibits activity.
Competing inhibitors? - ANSWERCompete with substrate for binding at the
enzyme's substrate recognition site. This increases Km by increasing the
concentration of substrate required to saturate the enzyme, but has no effect on
Vmax.
Noncompetitive inhibitor - ANSWERDoes not compete with the substrate for
binding to the enzyme's substrate recognition site. Lowers the concentration of
active enzyme, causing Vmax to fall while Km to remain constant.
Ion product of water - ANSWERKw = [H+][OH-] equals 1x10^-14 mol/L.
Amino Acid Composition (Bonds) - AnswerThe central carbon atom is linked
to a hydrogen, amino (NH3) group, carboxyl (COOH), and R group.
, At physiologic pH, hydrogen bonding can occur between the amide group in the
peptide bond and the aspartyl side chain.
The following depicts the linear sequence of atoms connected by covalent
bonds in the peptide backbone: - Answer-C-C-N-C-C-N-C-C
Different insulin formulations contain some insulin complexed with protamine,
which is slowly absorbed upon injection. Protamin is a protein preparation
derived from rainbow trout sperm containing arginine-rich peptides that bind to
insulin. What's the best explanation? - ANSWER: Arginine is a basic amino
acid that links to negatively charged amino acid side chains in insulin.
Protein kinases phosphorylate proteins only at specific hydroxyl groups on the
amino acid side chains. All have side-chain hydroxyl groups. - ANSWERS:
Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine
The activity of a protein changes when a certain serine side chain is
phosphorylated. Which of the following amino acid substitutions at this location
could result in a permanent alteration in normal enzyme activity? - ANSWERS-
> E Glutamate equals negative charge. - Acidic.
A decrease in blood pH from 7.5 to 6.5 would result in the following ion
concentration changes: - ANSWERA tenfold increase in the concentration of
H+
What happens if ammonia (NH3) is ingested and circulated? - Ammonia is
transformed to NH4+ ammonium ion in the blood. (The pka of ammonia is 9.5,
therefore at a normal pH of 7.4, the ammonia will be present as an ammonium
ion, making blood basic).
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