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NURS 218 - FINAL EXAM Questions And 100% Correct Answers A+ Graded
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NURS 218 - FINAL EXAM Questions And 100%Correct Answers A+ Graded
Common cold
viral infection of the upper respiratory tract
shedding of the virus by infected people
Common cold etiology
enters the body via mucous membrane
Common cold pathophysiology
incubation period: 5 days
most contagious: 3 days following the beginning of symptoms
duration: almost 7 days
Common cold clinical manifestations
Rhinosinusitis
Rhinitis:
inflammation and congestion of nasal cavity
Sinusitis:
inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the paranasal sinuses
viral infection or allergy
,Rhinosinusitis etiology
sinus openings are obstructed by swelling
Rhinosinusitis pathophysiology
purulent nasal drainage, nasal obstruction, facial pressure
Rhinosinusitis clinical manifestations
acts directly on adrenergic receptors and indirectly by releasing norepinephrine from
its storage sites
Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) action
temporary relief of symptoms associated with nasal congestion due to the common
cold, allergies, and sinuses
Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) use
hypotension, insomnia, urinary retention
Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) adverse effects
suppress cough by depressing the cough center in the medulla oblongata or the cough
receptors in the throat, trachea, or lungs
Dextromethorphan action
nonproductive cough that interferes with rest and sleep
Dextromethorphan use
Back
,nausea, drowsiness
Dextromethorphan adverse effects
Back
reduces the viscosity of tenacious secretions
Guaifenesin (Robitussin, Mucinex) action
Back
for productive cough
Guaifenesin (Robitussin, Mucinex) use
Back
headache, skin rash, N/V
Guaifenesin (Robitussin, Mucinex) adverse effects
Back
reduces the viscosity of mucous secretions
Acetylcysteine action
Back
use after a bronchodilator to liquefy secretions orally for acetaminophen overdosage;
antidote for acetaminophen
Acetylcysteine use
Back
drowsiness, airway inflammation
Acetylcysteine adverse effects
Back
-may relieve symptoms but do not cure
-adequate fluid intake and humidification of environment is important
-read labels carefully, there are many combination products
-acetaminophen: no more than 4000 mg in 24 hrs
patient teaching for nasal decongestants, antitussive medications, expectorants, and
mucolytics
, Allergic response
When histamine 2 (H2) receptors are stimulated it causes increased secretion of gastric
acid and pepsin
Histamine (H3) is found in brain and plays a role in the release of H1 and H2
histamine is the first chemical mediator to be released in immune and inflammatory
responses; released from mast cells and basophils; Histamine 1 (H1) binds with
receptors to cause bronchoconstriction, cough, edema, increased mucous, pruritus,
flushing
Allergic response etiology
Allergic response pathophysiology
nasal congestion, itching, sneezing
Allergic response clinical manifestations
Hypersensitivity
all types of allergic reactions; exaggereated responses by the immune system that
produce tissue injury and may cause serious disease
Serum sickness
delayed reaction
Anaphylactic reaction
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