F USAHS clinical neuroscience exam 2 WITH ACTUAL CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
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F USAHS clinical neuroscience
Institution
F USAHS Clinical Neuroscience
F USAHS clinical
neuroscience exam 2 WITH ACTUAL CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERSF USAHS clinical
neuroscience exam 2 WITH ACTUAL CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERSF USAHS clinical
neuroscience exam 2 WITH ACTUAL CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERSF USAHS clinical
neuroscience exam 2 WITH ACTUAL CORRECT DETAILED ...
CURRENTLY TESTING SOLUTIONS OF USAHS clinical
neuroscience exam 2 WITH ACTUAL CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS
What is the order of layers that protect the brain? - ANSWER-S- skin
C- connective tissue
A- aponeurosa
L- loose connective tissue
P- pericranium
Which layer of the meninges is perforated to allow room for cranial nerves and blood vessels? -
ANSWER-Dura mater
Separations of the ________ membranes create sinuses that are important for the venous drainage
system. - ANSWER-Dura
The _____________ layer has trabeculae that suspend the brain. - ANSWER-Arachnoid
True or false:
Arachnoid granulation serve as one way valves to the duralumin sinus. - ANSWER-True
True or false:
Dentate ligaments are pia mater. - ANSWER-True
What is significant about the epidural space? - ANSWER-It contains the middle meningeal artery (a
branch off of the external carotid)
,What goes through foramen spinosum? - ANSWER-middle meningeal artery
An ___________ _____________ is typically the result of traumatic rupture of the MMA due to temporal
bone fracture. May initially be asymptomatic but within hours have increased ICP, herniation, and death.
- ANSWER-Epidural hematoma
The ____________ space is between the dura and the arachnoid. Contains bridging veins that cross at
the subdural space and drain into the venous sinuses. - ANSWER-Subdural
What is a subdural hematoma? - ANSWER-Rupture of the bridging veins which are susceptible to shear
forces. Two types: chronic (elderly) and acute
The _______________ space is between the arachnoid and pia mater. Contains major arteries of the
brain as well as CSF. - ANSWER-Subarachnoid
What is a subarachnoid hemorrhage? - ANSWER-Two types: traumatic and non traumatic, bleeding into
the CSF, presents as a severe HA
Common herniations? - ANSWER-Central, tonsillar, uncal transtenorial, *ONE MORE CHECK fig. 5.8)
The neural tube becomes the _____________. - ANSWER-Ventricles
The third ventricle is surrounded by the ____________. - ANSWER-Diencephalon (thalamus)
What is the flow of CSF? - ANSWER-Lateral ventricles through the foramen of Monroe to the 3rd
ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct to the 4th ventricle and out through the foramen of magendie
True or false:
The choroid plexus exists within each of the ventricles and is constantly producing CSF, creating a small
pressure gradient. - ANSWER-True (functions are buoyancy, cushioning, cleaning, and ionic balance)
, The choroid plexus is made of _____________ cells that produce CSF and assist in circulating it by
movement of their cilli. - ANSWER-Ependymal
_________ are large pockets in the subarachnoid space. - ANSWER-Cistern
What is the cistern that is located between the cerebellum and medulla? - ANSWER-Cisterna magna
(cerebellar medullary cistern); other cisterns are the pontine and interpeduncular.
There is a large cistern found in the lumbar area of the spine; it is useful because it provides a place to
extract ________ through a lumbar puncture. - ANSWER-CSF
Normal CSF pressures? - ANSWER-Adult: 80-180mm of h2o
Obese adult: 250mm h2o
Infant: 10-100mm h2o
What is the normal visual appearance of CSF? - ANSWER-Sparkling clear (abnormal would be cloudy or
colored)
What is a normal cell count for CSF? - ANSWER-normal: <5 wbc's/mm^3
suspicious: >5 up to 10 wbc's/mm^3
pathological: >10 wbc's/mm^3
What is the chemistry of CSF? - ANSWER-pH 7.33
Sugar 60-80% of blood sugar
True or false:
CSF exits via arachnoid granulations. - ANSWER-True
_____________ is defined as dilation of the ventricles 2 degrees. Causes by blocked CSF circulation,
impeded CSF absorption, and/or too much CSF production. - ANSWER-Hydrocephalus
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