Exam (elaborations)
PUBH 302 FINAL- GALLOWAY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024
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PUBH 302 FINAL- GALLOWAY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024
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PUBH 302 FINAL- GALLOWAYTop 10 causes of death from the environment: - ANSWERS-Ischaemic heart
disease
Chronic respiratory diseases
Cancers
Unintentional injuries
Respiratory infections
Stroke
Diarrheal diseases
Diabetes
Malaria
Neonatal conditions
Goals of Healthy People 2010 - ANSWERS-§ Increase quality and years of healthy
life
§Eliminate health disparities
Goals of Healthy People 2030 - ANSWERS-Attain high-quality, longer lives free of
preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death
§ Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve health of all groups
§ Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all
,§Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all
stages of life
Goals of Healthy People 2020 - ANSWERS--Increase the proportion of people
whose water supply meets safe
-drinking water act regulations
-Reduce exposure to arsenic
-Reduce exposure to lead
-Reduce exposure to mercury in children
-Reduce exposure to bisphenol A
-Reduce exposure to perchlorate
Toxicology - ANSWERS-study of poisonous substances and their effects upon body
parts, understanding HOW the poison produces a toxic effect
Who is the father of modern toxicology? - ANSWERS-Paracelsus
Fundamental Rules of Toxicology - ANSWERS-1. Exposure must occur for the
chemical (toxin) to present a risk
2. Magnitude of risk is proportional to the potency of the chemical AND the
extent of the exposure
Route of exposure to a toxin - ANSWERS-Absorption (skin)
,Injection (bite, puncture, cut)
Inhalation (air via nose)
Ingestion (mouth)
Mucosal membranes (nose, eyes)
Exposure Concepts - ANSWERS-- Different toxic response arise from different:
Routes of exposure
Frequencies of exposure
Duration of exposure (acute vs. chronic)
- How the body metabolizes "toxin" is key & highly variable from individual to
individual
*Epi Triad and the basis of toxicology are very similar. Replace "Agent" with
"substance" on triad model
Occupational Health - ANSWERS-Exposure at work/job
Safety concerns at work
Health effects & diseases associated with specific jobs recorded since antiquity
Often by members of lowest social class, not always viewed as a societal concern
Pott - ANSWERS-linked scrotal cancer and soot in chimney sweepers
Radium Girls - ANSWERS-- Radium dial painters, "aniline dye" workers; painters
licked their brushes to pull it to a point exposed to radium poisoning
, Their legacy was the Manhattan Project
OSHA - ANSWERS-Protects people in terms of workplace violence, ergonomics,
safety from chemicals
NIEHS - ANSWERS-National toxicology program: stay on top of toxicology
concerns
Ramazzini - ANSWERS-first to link hazards of dust, fumes, gases, to lung disease in
workers
Rachel Carson - ANSWERS-Known as the founder of our contemporary
environmental movement
Questioned pesticide practices; took on the industry
wrote "Silent Spring" to make people aware of environmental damage
Warned about the negative effects of DDT pesticide
National Environmental Policy Act - ANSWERS-National policy to create and
maintain conditions under which humans and nature can exist in productive
harmony, that permit fulfilling the social, economic and other requirements of
present and future generations
Everything that we need for our survival and well being depends, either directly or
indirectly, on our natural environment
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