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Hesi Pediatric EXAM QUESTIONS and ANSWER
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Hesi Pediatric EXAM QUESTIONS and ANSWER
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Hesi Pediatric EXAM 2024-2025 QUESTIONS and ANSWERSA child is admitted to the hospital for confirmation of a diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic
leukemia. During the initial nursing assessment, which symptoms will this child most likely
exhibit?
A. Bone pain, pallor
B. Weakness, tremors
C. Nystagmus, anorexia
D. Fever, abdominal distention - ANSWER>>A. Bone pain, pallor
Rationale:
Option A lists the most common presenting symptoms of leukemia. Leukemic cells invade the
bone marrow, gradually causing a weakening of the bone and a tendency toward pathologic
fractures. As leukemic cells invade the periosteum, increasing pressure causes severe pain and
anemia results from decreased erythrocytes, causing pallor. Options B and C could be
associated with central nervous system disorders. Option D commonly occurs in children but is
not specific for leukemia.
The nurse should teach the parents of a child with a cyanotic heart defect to perform which
action when a hypercyanotic spell occurs?
A. Place the child's head flat, with the knees on pillows above the level of the heart.
B. Have the child lie on the right side, with the head elevated on one pillow.
C. Allow the child to assume a knee-chest position, with the head and
chest slightly elevated.
D. Encourage the child to sit up at a 45-degree angle, drink cold water, and take deep breaths. -
ANSWER>>C. Allow the child to assume a knee-chest position, with the head and chest slightly
elevated.
Rationale:
Assuming a knee-chest position with the head and chest slightly elevated will help restore
hemodynamic equilibrium.
A 2-year-old child with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) is brought to the clinic for a routine
evaluation. Which assessment finding suggests the presence of a common complication often
experienced by those with Down syndrome?
,A. Presence of a systolic murmur
B. New onset of patchy alopecia
C. Complaints of long bone pain
D. Recent projectile vomiting - ANSWER>>A. Presence of a systolic murmur
Rationale:
Congenital heart disease occurs in 40% to 50% of children with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome).
Defects of the atrial or ventricular septum that create systolic murmurs are the most common
heart defects associated with this congenital anomaly.
The nurse is teaching an adolescent girl with scoliosis about a Milwaukee brace that her health
care provider has prescribed. Which instruction should the nurse provide to this client?
A. Remove the brace 1 hour each day for bathing only.
B. Remove the brace only for back range-of-motion exercises.
C. Wear the brace against the bare skin to ensure a good fit.
D. Wearing the brace will cure the spinal curvature. - ANSWER>>A. Remove the brace 1 hour
each day for bathing only.
Rationale:
The Milwaukee brace is designed to slow the progression in spinal curvature while the
adolescent is growing. The brace should be worn 23 hours a day and removed a total of 1
hour a day for hygiene.
Prophylactic antibiotics are prescribed for a child who has mitral valve damage. The nurse
should advise the parents to give the antibiotics prior to which occurrence?
A. Adjustment of orthodontic appliances or braces
B. Loss of deciduous teeth (baby teeth)
C. Urinary catheterization
D. Insect bites - ANSWER>>C. Urinary catheterization
Rationale:
, Prophylactic antibiotics are usually prescribed prior to any invasive procedure for children
who have valvular damage. Of the choices listed, only urinary catheterization is an invasive
procedure
A 7-month-old male infant diagnosed with spastic cerebral palsy is seen by the nurse in the
clinic. Which statement by the parent warrants immediate intervention by the nurse?
A. "My son often chokes while I am feeding him."
B. "Is it normal for my child's legs to cross each other?"
C. "He gets stiff when I pull him up to a sitting position."
D. "My 4-year-old son is jealous of his little brother." - ANSWER>>A. "My son often chokes
while I am feeding him."
Rationale:
Airway obstruction is always a priority when caring for any client. Options B and C are
characteristics of spastic cerebral palsy and may involve one or both sides. These children
have difficulty with fine motor skills, and attempts at motion increase abnormal postures.
Which nursing diagnosis has the highest priority when planning care for an infant with eczema?
A. High risk for altered parenting related to feelings of inadequacy
B. Altered comfort (pruritus) related to vesicular skin eruptions
C. Altered health maintenance related to knowledge deficit of treatment
D. Risk for impaired skin integrity related to eczema - ANSWER>>B. Altered comfort (pruritus)
related to vesicular skin eruptions
Rationale:
Altered comfort (pruritus) has the highest priority because itching will cause the infant to
scratch, creating complications such as scarring or infection.
The nurse notes that a 16-year-old male client is refusing visits from his classmates. Further
assessment reveals that he is concerned about his edematous facial features. Based on these
assessment findings, the nurse should plan interventions related to which nursing diagnosis?
A. Social isolation
B. Altered health maintenance
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