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NURS 223 EXAM 1 2025 ACTUAL TEST WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
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NURS 223 EXAM 1 2025 ACTUAL TEST WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
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NURS 223 EXAM 1 2025 ACTUAL TESTWITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
anemia
The kidneys release a hormone known as ERYTHROPOIETIN
that stimulates the production of red blood cells (RBCs) by the
bone marrow. This is an important underlying cause of ____ in
patients with AKI.
nephrons
The glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, and proximal and distal
tubules comprise the functional units of the kidneys known as the
____.
directly
The GFR is [ directly / indirectly ] related to adequate blood flow
(blood volume) to the kidneys. Kidneys receive 1300 mL/min of
blood or 25% of cardiac output.
ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
During urine formation, 1) glomerular filtration occurs from the
blood into the nephron; 2) reabsorption occurs from the filtrate
into blood; 3) tubular secretion from the peritubular capillaries into
the filtrate; and reabsorption of water under the effects of ____
(acronym only).
Angiotensin II
,Dopamine, prostaglandins and nitric oxide are to vasodilation as
____ (two words) is to vasoconstriction.
afferent
NSAIDs like IBUPROFEN result in decreased GFR through
VASOCONSTRICTION of the [ afferent / efferent ] arteriole.
vasodilation
ACE Inhibitors like CAPTOPRIL (capoten) and ARBs like
LOSARTAN (Cozaar) lead to decreased GFR resulting from [
vasoconstriction / vasodilation ] of the EFFERENT arteriole.
azotemia
The abnormal concentration of nitrogenous wastes like urea in the
blood is known as ____.
one-half
By age 90, the GFR is [ one-third / one-half / three-fourths ] of
what it was at the age of 30.
osmolality
Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), also known as Vasopressin, is a
hormone that is secreted by the posterior portion of the pituitary
gland in response to changes in ____ of the blood.
sodium
The regulation of ____ volume that the kidneys excrete depends
on a hormone synthesized and released by the adrenal cortex
called aldosterone.
,RAAS (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system)
This system is activated when pressure in the renal arterioles falls
below normal levels, as occurs with shock, dehydration or
decreased NaCl delivery to the tubules. Activation increases
retention of water and expansion of intravascular fluid volume
thereby maintaining blood pressure. It is the ____ (acronym only).
aldosterone
Angiotensin II is the most powerful vasoconstrictor known and
causes blood pressure to increase. The adrenal cortex secretes
____ in response to stimulation by the pituitary gland (ADH),
which occurs in response to poor perfusion or increasing serum
osmolality.
contrast dye
During IV urography and retrograde pyelography ____ (two
words) is injected IV or with a catheter via cystoscopy to visualize
the kidneys, ureters or bladder via x-ray imaging.
UTI
A condition involving pathogenic microorganisms in the urinary
tract. It is classified as involving the upper or lower urinary tract
and as complicated (recurrent, hospital or catheter-acquired) or
uncomplicated. This is a ____ (acronym only). Most occur in
women, second most common infection in the body, and most
, common nosocomial infection. Often treated with anti-
inflammatory CYCLOSPORINE (Sandimmune).
pyelonephritis
Upper UTIs are much less common and include acute or chronic
____. This is a bacterial infection of the renal pelvis
(INTRARENAL), tubules, and interstitial tissue that results in
inflammation of one or both kidneys. When chronic, the kidneys
become scarred, contracted, and nonfunctioning. It is an intra-
renal kidney disorder.
urinary frequency
Symptoms of a lower UTI include burning on urination, ____ (two
words), defined as voiding more than every 3 hours, urgency,
nocturia, incontinence and suprapubic pain.
urinary stasis
Older women often have incomplete emptying of the bladder and
____ (two words). In the absence of estrogen, postmenopausal
women are susceptible to colonization and increased adherence
of bacteria to the vagina and urethra.
3
The trend is toward a shortened course of antibiotic therapy for
uncomplicated UTIs because most cases are cured after ___ (#)
days of treatment. The nurse knows to instruct the patient to
TAKE ALL DOSES, and complete the course of therapy.
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