The best test for diagnosing congenital glaucoma is which of the following?
A) Fluorescein staining
B) Tonometry
C) Snellen vision exam
D) The refractive index Answer - B) Tonometry
A tonometer is used to measure the intraocular pressure (IOP) of the eye to
screen for glaucoma. Normal range IOP is 10-22 mm Hg.
A mother brings in her 4-year-old daughter who just started attending
preschool. She tells the nurse practitioner that her child is complaining of
burning and itching in both eyes along with a runny nose. During the physical
exam, the child's eyes appear injected bilaterally. The throat is red and her
inferior nasal turbinates are swollen. Which of the following is most likely?
A) Herpes keratitis
B) Corneal ulcer
C) Viral conjunctivitis
D) Bacterial conjunctivitis Answer - C) Viral conjunctivitis
,Viral conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva with common complaints
of red, itchy eyes, without signs of infection.
Which of the following is used to screen for color blindness in a 7-year-old boy?
A) Snellen chart
B) Ishihara chart
C) Cover/uncover test
D) Red reflex Answer - B) Ishihara chart
The Ishihara chart is used for screening for color blindness.
A 67-year-old female with a 50 pack/year history of smoking presents for a
routine annual physical examination. She complains of being easily short of
breath and is frequently fatigued. Physical examination reveals diminished
breath sounds, hyperresonance, and hypertrophied respiratory accessory
muscles. Her CBC results reveal that her hematocrit level is slightly elevated.
Her pulmonary function test (PFT) results show increased total lung capacity.
What is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?
A) Bronchogenic carcinoma
B) COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
C) Chronic bronchitis
D) Congestive heart failure Answer - B) COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease)
Common complaints and signs/symptoms of COPD include shortness of
breath, fatigue, chronic cough, wheezing, difficulty performing tasks and
speaking, pursed-lip breathing, digital clubbing, diminished breath sounds, use
of accessory muscles, and polycythemia due to chronic hypoxia. Pulmonary
, function tests/ spirometry include forced expira- tory volume, forced vital
capacity, and FEV1/FVC ratios.
A 28-year-old male nurse of Hispanic descent reports a history of a cold that
resolved 2 weeks ago except for a dry cough and pain over his right cheek that
worsens when he bends down. The patient denies fever. He tells the employee
health nurse practitioner that he is very allergic to both cephalexin (Keflex) and
erythromycin. The vital signs show that the patient's temperature is 99.2
degrees Fahrenheit, a pulse of 72 beats per minute, and a respiratory rate of 12
breaths per minute. Which of the following conditions is most likely?
A) Acute sinusitis
B) Acute bronchitis
C) Fever secondary to the previous viral URI (upper respiratory infection)
D) Munchausen's syndrome Answer - A) Acute sinusitis
Acute sinusitis symptoms include cough, facial pain, and low-grade fever.
During a routine physical exam of an elderly woman, a triangular thickening of
the bulbar conjunctiva on the temporal side is noted to be encroaching on the
cornea. She denies any eye pain or visual changes. Which of the following is
most likely?
A) Corneal arcus
B) Pterygium
C) Pinguecula
D) Chalazion Answer - B) Pterygium
Pterygium is a triangular growth on the white part of the eye that also extends
onto the cornea. Corneal arcus is a ring around the edge of the cornea.
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