Exam (elaborations)
EXP3604 exam 1 with complete solutions 2024_2025
- Course
- Institution
EXP3604 exam 1 with complete solutions 2024_2025
[Show more]
Content preview
EXP3604 exam 1 with completesolutions 2024/2025
Cognition - ANSWER-Refers to the acquisition, storage, transformation, and use
of knowledge.
Cognitive Psychology - ANSWER-subdiscipline of experimental psychology
focused on investigating the mental processes that give rise to our perceptions
and interpretations of the world around us
Cognitive Approach - ANSWER-theoretical orientation that emphasizes people's
thought processes and their knowledge
1. What is the relationship between cognition, cognitive psychology, and the
cognitive approach? - ANSWER-They all involve mental processes and
knowledge. Cognitive psychology uses the cognitive approach to study cognition
2. What makes cognitive psychology unique compared to other psychological
perspectives? - ANSWER-Metacognition? Information processes, focus on
internal processes and introspection
Empirical Evidence - ANSWER-scientific evidence obtained by careful
observation and experimentation
Introspection - ANSWER-Systematic analysis of your own sensations
Recency Effect - ANSWER-Remembering things better at the end of the list
Behaviorism - ANSWER-Focuses on objective and observable behavior reactions
to stimuli
,Operational Definition - ANSWER-Precise definition that specifies exactly how to
measure and/or manipulate variables
Gestalt Psychology - ANSWER-Humans have basic tendencies to actively
organize what we see, and the whole is greater than the sum of the parts
Gestalt - ANSWER-Overall quality that transcends the individual elements
• Information-processing Approach - ANSWER-Argued that a) our mental
processes are similar to the operations of a computer, and b) information
progresses through our cognitive system in a series of stages one step at a time
• Atkinson-Shiffrin Model - ANSWER-Memory involves a sequence of separate
steps
• Sensory Memory - ANSWER-Storage system that records information from each
of the senses with reasonable accuracy
• Short-Term Memory/Working Memory - ANSWER-Capacity for holding a small
amount of information
• Long-term Memory - ANSWER-Where informative knowledge is held indefinitely
• Ecological Validity - ANSWER-Extent to which research findings can be
generalized to real life
Know the contributions each psychologist below made to cognitive psychology
and explain how their ideologies differ - ANSWER-
• Wilhelm Wundt - ANSWER-(father of psychology) german physiologist who
founded psychology as a formal science; opened first psychology research
laboratory in 1879 (Rejected by James). He believed in structuralism through
introspection.
• Ebbinghaus - ANSWER-created the forgetting curve and serial position effect in
memory (Rejected by James & Bartlett). Studied nonsense syllables, how long it
took to learn new/old lists, and it takes less time to learn old lists.
• Mary Calkins - ANSWER-First female president of the APA, word pairs that share
more meaning are easier to remember. Paired-associate learning, found that word
, pairs were easier to remember ex: (FSU and Inferior). Also touched based on
recency effect
• William James - ANSWER-founder of functionalism; studied how humans use
perception to function in our environment (Rejected Wundt & Ebbinghaus)
(James views were more like Calkins). Also studied how the human mind is active
and inquiring. He emphasized the kinds of psychological experiences that people
encounter in their everyday lives.
• Frederic Bartlett - ANSWER-He was a British psychologist and the first
professor of experimental psychology at the University of Cambridge. He was one
of the forerunners of cognitive psychology. Memory as active, constructive
process. Schema-based approach (Rejected Ebbinghaus and Wundt)
1. What are the 2 essential components of an operational definition? - ANSWER-It
must be 1) specific and precise and 2) able to be measurable to be measured and
tested
2. Operationally define these variables: memory, intelligence, aggression,
attraction. Try to come up with a few of your own too! - ANSWER-Memory: How
many words are recalled from a list
Intelligence: score on an IQ test
Aggression: Number of physical and verbal threats
Attraction: Number of minutes to people touch each other in two hours
3. Explain how organization is important to gestalt theory. - ANSWER-A
component of patterns are organized together because even because of it over
searching quality
4. Discuss the drawbacks of introspection. - ANSWER-Is wildly in accurate people
over and under exaggerate thei feelings thoughts
The subjective nature leaves it open to mistakes and inaccuracies
5. Understand each step of the Atkinson-Shiffrin model. Describe the
strengths/weaknesses of this model. - ANSWER-Outline of a simple model for
working memory.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller tuition. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $11.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75057 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now