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EXP3604 EXAM 2 with complete solutions 2024_2025.
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EXP3604 EXAM 2 with complete solutions 2024_2025.
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EXP3604 EXAM 2 with complete solutions2024/2025
Sensory Memory- - ANSWER-is a storage system that records information from
each of the senses with reasonable accuracy. The model proposed that
information is stored in sensory memory for 2 seconds or less, and then most of
it is forgotten
Short-Term Memory- - ANSWER-refers to the memory system that is responsible
for holding onto a small amount of information that has been recently taken in
from the environment. As we will see below, short- term memory has a limited
capacity, both in terms of the amount of time that the short-term memory system
can hold onto information and in the amount of information that it can hold
Chunk- - ANSWER-is a memory unit that consists of several components that are
strongly associated with one another (Schwartz, 2011). Miller suggested,
therefore, that short-term memory holds approximately seven chunks
Long-Term Memory- - ANSWER-has a large capacity and contains your memory
for experiences and information that have accumulated throughout your lifetime
Explain chunking in your own words and provide an example of how it is used.
How might this help when studying for an exam or memorizing a phone number?
- ANSWER-Chunking is forming letters or numbers together that are adjacent to
each other. Suppose that your telephone area code is 617, and all the office
phone numbers at your college begin with the same digits, 346. If 617 forms one
chunk and 346 forms another chunk, then the phone number 617-346-3421 really
contains only six chunks (that is, 1+1+4). The entire number may be within your
memory span.
Why might sensory memory be hard to prove? - ANSWER-it's so abstract and
hard to study because it's taken in by the senses.
, How did Sperling's experiment demonstrate sensory memory? Use Whole vs.
Partial report in your response. - ANSWER-It shows that you keep a visual image
in your brain for a fraction of a second, so when Sperlings used the 3 different
tones for the participants to recall letters from each row they were able to go into
their brain and retrieve that particular row to recall the letters in the short period
of time (partial report) rather than when the participants were asked to recall letter
from the entire thing because they didn't know where to look and once they got to
the 5th letter, the image disappeared (whole report)
Differentiate between sensory memory and short-term memory. - ANSWER-The
term Sensory refers to the initial process of storing info that is perceived through
our senses. Short term memory includes the manipulation of the temporary
stored info
What is the duration of short-term memory? - ANSWER-15-30 seconds
Brown/Peterson and Peterson technique- - ANSWER-involves presenting
participants with some items that they are instructed to remember. Partici- pants
then perform a distracting task. After spending some time on the distracting task,
participants are subsequently asked to recall the original items. This technique
showed that our memory is fragile for material stored for just a few seconds.
Results of Brown/Peterson- - ANSWER-On the first few trials, people recalled
most of the letters. However, after several trials, the previous letters produced
interference, and recall was poor. After a mere 5-second delay—as you can see
from Figure 4.1—people forgot approximately half of the letters they had seen.
Rehearsal- - ANSWER-means repeating the items silently
Serial-position Effect- - ANSWER-refers to the U-shaped relationship between a
word's position in a list and its probability of accurate recall
Recency Effect- - ANSWER-better recall for items at the end of the list. Many
researchers have argued that this relatively accurate memory for the final words
in a list means that these items were still in short-term memory at the time of
recall. Mistakes based on sensory error.
Primacy Effect- - ANSWER-with enhanced recall accuracy for items at the
beginning of the list. These early items are presumably easy to remember for two
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