Bio 93 Final Exam Questions And All Correct Answers.
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Course
Bio 93
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Bio 93
What are the four most common elements in living matter? - Answer Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Carbon --make up 96% of all living matter.
Properties of Acids - Answer Donate H+ to a solution, accept electrons, and have a pH of <7
What happens in the S phase of the cell cycle? - An...
Bio 93 Final Exam Questions And All
Correct Answers.
What are the four most common elements in living matter? - Answer Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and
Carbon --make up 96% of all living matter.
Properties of Acids - Answer Donate H+ to a solution, accept electrons, and have a pH of <7
What happens in the S phase of the cell cycle? - Answer DNA Synthesis
What happens in the G1 phase of the cell cycle? - Answer Growth -- cell contents are duplicated.
What happens in the G2 phase of the cell cycle? - Answer More growth and preparation for division.
What happens in the M phase of the cell cycle? - Answer Mitosis (and cytokinesis -- division of the cell).
What are the subphases of mitosis? - Answer Prophase, Pre-metaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and
Telophase.
How many checkpoints are there in the cell cycle? - Answer 3 -- G1 checkpoint, G2 checkpoint, and the
M checkpoint.
What is a Karyotype? - Answer A layout of Metaphase chromosomes matched with their homologous
pairs.
What is a diploid cell? - Answer A cell with 46 chromosomes -- somatic cells.
What is a haploid cell? - Answer A cell with 23 chromosomes -- sex cells.
,What does the mesoderm give rise to? - Answer the notochord (similar to a spinal chord).
What does the endoderm give rise to? - Answer the digestive tract.
What does the ectoderm give rise to? - Answer the nervous system (brain)/neural plate.
If 2n = 18, how many chromosomes come from the mother? - Answer 9 -- half from mom and half from
dad
Meiosis - Answer Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by
half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically distinct from the parent cell that gave rise to them.
What two structures does the chiasma connect? - Answer Non-sister chromatids.
What are the steps of meiosis? - Answer Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I &
cytokinesis (then a second set of phases)
What does meiosis 1 deal with? - Answer homologous chromosomes.
What happens in prophase 1? - Answer The chromosomes condense, the nuclear envelope breaks
down, chromosomes cross over, and meiotic spindle forms.
What happens in metaphase 1? - Answer the pairs of homologous chromosomes are now tightly
condensed and coiled and become arranged on the metaphase plate.
What happens in anaphase 1? - Answer the pairs of chromosomes are pulled apart by the spindle
fibers (microtubules).
What happens in Telophase 1 and cytokinesis? - Answer The homologous chromosome pairs complete
their migration to the two poles as a result of the action of the spindle. Now a haploid set of
chromosomes is at each pole, with each chromosome still having two chromatids. A nuclear envelope
reforms around each chromosome set, the spindle disappears, and cytokinesis follows.
, What happens during meiosis 2? - Answer sister chromatids separate.
What happens in prophase 2 of meiosis? - Answer A new spindle forms around the chromosomes.
What happens in metaphase 2 of meiosis? - Answer Metaphase 2 chromosomes line up at the equator.
What happens in anaphase 2 of meiosis? - Answer Centromeres divide chromatids move to opposite
poles of the cells.
What happens during telophase 2 of meiosis? - Answer A nuclear envelope forms around each set of
chromosomes and the cytoplasm divides.
What makes meiosis a unique form of cell division - Answer Synapsis and crossing over -- occurs in
prophase 1, pairing up of homologous chromosomes, homologous chromosomes cross over and
exchange corresponding genetic information (the DNA exchanged contain the same genes, but may have
different alleles).
How does meiosis increase genetic variability? - Answer Independent assortment (meiosis 1 --
homologous chromosomes separate independently), crossing over (genetic recombination, prophase 1),
and random fertilization (any egg can join with any sperm -- most effective way to obtain genetic
variability).
What is the law of segregation? - Answer Alleles coding for the same trait separate independently
during gamete formation.
What is non-disjunction? - Answer When homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids do not
separate properly.
What is a character? - Answer An observable heritable feature that may vary among individuals. Ex:
flower color.
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