Pharmacology and EKG test HCA new hires for nurses, Insulins Exam
Qestions With Complete Solution
1. • Morphine: Opioid agonist: binds to the opioid mu-1 and mu-2 and kappareceptors in the
CNS and alters pain perception and response
Side effects: confusion, sedation, constipation, hypotension, respiratory depressionAntidote= naloxene
2. • Demerol: Opioid agonist mu-1 and mu-2 and kappa receptors.side effects:
-Nausea
- Vomiting
- Euphoria
- Dysphoria
- Respiratory Depression
Adverse effect: seizures
Antidote= naloxene
3. • Ativan
•: Potentiates action of GABA, resulting in increased neuronal inhibition and CNSdepression,
Side effects:
CNS: dizziness, drowsiness, lethargy, hangover, headache, ataxia, slurred speech,forgetfulness,
confusion, mental depression,
4. Dilantin: 1. Anticonvulsant: stabilizes neuronal membranes and limits seizure activity by either
increasing efflux or decreasing influx of sodium ions across cell membranes in the motor cortex
during generation of nerve impulses.
2. Antiarrhythmic: normalizes sodium influx to Purkinje's fibers in patients withinduced
dysrhythmias.
Side effects:
1. nausea, vomiting
2. CNS depression
3. respiratory depression
4. heart blocks
5. hypotension
6. dysrhythmias
5. • Nitroglycerine: -Reduces venous tone. (Blood pooling in periph veins, decreas-ing venous return to
the heart.
-Decreased periph. vascular resistance.
-Dilation of coronary arteries and relief of coronary artery spasm.
-Vasodilation of cerebral arteries, increasing O2 to brain.
-Generalized smooth muscle relaxation.Side
effects:
Dizziness, hypotension, headache, -nausea
, Pharmacology and EKG test HCA new hires for nurses, Insulins Exam
Qestions With Complete Solution
-vomiting
-blurred vision
-dizziness
-syncope
-diaphoresis
-confusion
-dry mouth
-palpations
6. • Coumadin: interferes with vitamin K synthesis that produces clotting.it takes 72 hours
to become active in system
give with heparin until PT/INR gets to 2 and aboveSide
affects= bleeding, cramps, nausea
7. Foods containing moderate to high amounts of vitamin K include ........................................kale,
spinach, turnip greens, collards, Swiss chard, mustard greens, Brussels sprouts, green leaf lettuce,
endive, romaine, broccoli, parsley, beef liver and chicken liver. Insome cases, cooking can increase the
amount of vitamin K available to the body from these foods. Iceberg lettuce, red cabbage, asparagus
and soybean oil also contain vitamin K, but in smaller amounts.
8. • Lasix: Mechanisms of action= inhibits Sodium and Chloride reabsorption in theloop of henle
Side effects= dizziness, hearing loss (if given too quickly by IV), electrolyte imbal-ance
9. • Steroids
1. Glucocorticoids (GC)
2. Mineralcorticoids (MC): side effects:acne.
1. Glucocorticoid-induced adrenocortical insufficiency
2. osteoporosis
3. generalized protein depletion
Blurred vision.
Cataracts or glaucoma.Easy
bruising.
Difficulty sleeping.
High blood pressure.
Increased appetite, weight gain.
Increased growth of body hair.
10. • Geodon: Inhibits uptake of seritonin and dopamineside effects
EPS, pseudoparkinism, akathisia, dystonia, TD, drowsiness, insomnia, agitation,anxiety, headache,
n/v, anorexia, constipation,
