What are microbes general functions? - Answer--populous/diverse
-ubiquitous
-recycle essential elements
-benefit society
-causes some diseases
-human microbiome
scientists were able to compare structures of cells with the use of ? - Answer-electron
microscopes
microbiologists have determined the _____________ characteristics of many different
organisms. - Answer-physiological (study of chemical processes)
in the 1970s _________________________, nucleic acid sequences to determine the
splitting of bacteria and archae from ________________________________ - Answer-
Carl Woese compared rRNA , Prokaryotes
what determines if something is living? - Answer--cells and organization
-reproduction
-environmental stability
-growth/development
-metabolism/energy use
-regulation/homeostasis
-evolution
John Needham - Answer-experiment: mutton broth in flasks-->boiled-->sealed-->growth
Heinrich de Bary - Answer-showed that smut and rust fungi caused cereal crop
diseases
Antony van Leeuwenhoek - Answer-first person to observe and describe
microorganisms accurately
Lazzaro Spallanzani - Answer-experiment: broth in flasks--> sealed--> boiled--> no
growth
Ferdinand Cohn - Answer-discovered heat resistant bacteria could produce endospores
John tyndall - Answer-demonstrated that dust carries microorganisms + existence of
exceptionally heat-resistant forms of bacteria
MJ Berkely - Answer-demonstrated that the great Potato Blight of Ireland was caused
by a water mold
, louis pasteur - Answer-swan neck flask experiments
agostini bassi - Answer-showed that a disease of silkworms was caused by a fungus
francesco redi - Answer--discredited spontaneous generation
-showed that maggots on decaying meat came from fly eggs
Joseph Lister - Answer-system of surgery designed to prevent microorganisms from
entering wounds as well as methods for treating instruments.
Charles Chamberland - Answer-developed a porcelain filter to study tobacco mosaic
disease.
RObert Koch - Answer-established the relastionship between bacillus anthracis and
anthrax
edward Jenner - Answer-used a vaccination procedure to protect from small pox
What are Robert Kochs Postulates? - Answer-(1) The microorganism
must be found in abundance in all organisms suffering from disease, but should be
absent in healthy organisms.
(2) The microorganism
must be isolated and grown in
pure culture.
(3) When a healthy host is inoculated with
the organism, the host must show signs
of the original disease
(4) The same microorganism must be re-isolated
from the diseased host.
What are some of Koch's limitations of his postulates? - Answer--some organisms cant
be grown in pure culture
-humans cant be used in posulates (unethical)
-molecualre and genetic evidence may replace and overcome these limits.
What is microscopy? - Answer-The art of making the invisible seen via magnification,
contrast, stain etc
Light refraction? - Answer-manipulating light with magnifying lens and staining
structures.
reflection is light___________ an object, and refraction is when light ____________ an
object. - Answer-bouncing off, passes thru an object
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