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PHY 150 Astronomy Midterm NOVA Exam with complete solutions 2024_2025.
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PHY 150 Astronomy Midterm NOVA Exam with complete solutions 2024_2025.
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PHY 150 Astronomy Midterm NOVAExam with complete solutions 2024/2025
Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) - ANSWER-Polish physician and lawyer who
began the demolition of the geocentric model and the revolution in astronomical
ideas that continues to this day. Created a heliocentric model in De revoluctions
orbium coelestium that explained retrograde motion and why Venus and Mercury
never move very far from the sun. Also was able to use geometry to determine
each planet's distance from the sun
Believed in Heliocentric
Tycho Brahe - ANSWER-Danish astronomer whose observations showed the
superiority of the heliocentric over the geocentric system and revealed the true
shape of planetary orbits. His observations suggested that the heavens were both
changeable and more complex than was previously believed.
geoheliocentric believer- provided an alternative to the Ptolemaic geocentric
system
Johannes Kepler - ANSWER-The young assistant to Brahe who was able to use
the information from Brahe to get a detailed picture of the path of Mars that was
not circular but elliptical. (pencil and string with two thumbtacks creates an
ellipse). Responsible for discovering shape of planetary objects and measured
relative size of orbit. His discoveries of the nature of planetary motions are
expressed in what are known today as Keplers three laws. Came up with name
satellites.
he developed a heliocentric model
, Galileo Galilei - ANSWER-Italian scientist who was interested in celestial motion
and all aspects of motion. Used the newly invented telescope to study
astronomical objects. Did not invent the telescope but was first to use it to study
heavens. Discovered four moons of Jupiter.
contributions supported the heliocentric model.
Isaac Newton - ANSWER-deduced the law of gravity and discovered mathematical
methods for calculating gravitational force of spherical body when no methods
were then available. His discoveries still form the core for most of our
understanding of gravity and the motion of bodies. Laws of motion and gravity.
heliocentric
Aristotle - ANSWER-Started to give his observations about the universe. Taught
that the sun and moon and other planets orbit the earth, creating the geocentric
theory.
Believed the earth was round?
Erathosenes - ANSWER-Greek Scholar,
invented longitude and latitude
He was able to calculate the circumference of the earth and calculate the earth's
axial tilt with remarkable accuracy.
Supported heliocentric theory
William Herschel - ANSWER-One of the first professional astronomers who
discovered infrared radiation. He developed cosmogony.
He discovered Uranus. Introduced the term asteroid. Measured Mars's axial tilt.
Heliocentric
Lunar phases in order - ANSWER-New moon, waxing crescent, 1st quarter,
waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, 3rd quarter, waning crescent, new
moon
new moon phase - ANSWER-
Waxing Crescent Moon - ANSWER-
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