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N5315 Advanced Pathophysiology – CANCER Test | Questions with Answers Verified 100% Correct
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N5315 Advanced Pathophysiology – CANCER Test | Questions with Answers Verified 100% Correct
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N5315 Advanced Pathophysiology – CANCERTest | Questions with Answers Verified 100%
Correct
Autocrine Stimulation - ✔✔Oncogenes provide cancer cells with the ability to secrete growth
factors which stimulate their own growth.
(HER2) Human Epithelial growth factor Receptor 2 - ✔✔Responsive to low levels of
epidermal growth factor & this stimulates the breast cancer growth.
HER2 Receptor Inhibitors - ✔✔A receptor that is a target of some drugs used to treat breast
cancer.
Activates Oncogenes - ✔✔Genetic events such as:
Point Mutations
Translocations
Gene Amplification
Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes are responsible for: - ✔✔Contributing to the
unregulated growth and controlling the cellular proliferation of cancer cells.
Anti-oncogenes - ✔✔Tumor suppressor genes
Inactivated tumor suppressor genes stop what? - ✔✔They stop cell division in damaged cells
and prevent mutations.
Two Suppressor Genes - ✔✔Located in each cell and both must be inactivated (turned off)
by cancer.
, The p53 tumor suppressor gene produces what? - ✔✔The p53 protein that is responsible for
monitoring cellular stress and for activating the caretaker gene.
p53 Tumor Suppressor Genes - ✔✔Genes that maintain the integrity of the genome.
Produce proteins that repair damaged of mutated DNA.
The p53 Protein is responsible for? - ✔✔Controlling the initiating the cellular senescence,
apoptosis, and suppressing cell division until DNA is repaired.
Tumor suppressor Genes (Transmission) - ✔✔The tumor suppressor genes may mutate and
be passed on in the sperm/egg, contributing to the transmission of cancer-causing genes.
Telomeres - ✔✔protective caps on the end of chromosomes.
Telomerase - ✔✔Enzyme that maintains Telomeres.
Normally only active in germ cells (ovaries/testes) & stem cells.
Germ Cells (location) - ✔✔Ovaries/Testes cell types
(Normal Physiology of) Telomeres - ✔✔Non-germ cells undergo mitosis -->telomere caps
shorten w/ each division. The shortened caps signal to stop cellular division, when they are too
small, they fragment & the cell dies. When CA cells reach a certain age Telomerase restores &
maintains CA cells' telomeres allowing unregulated cellular division.
BRCA Gene - ✔✔Increases the risk of ovarian, breast & prostate cancer.
Metastasis occurs when - ✔✔the tumor environment has changed to allow for the
transposition of the cancer cells.
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