ADN 451 Midterm EXAM NEWEST
ACTUAL EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED CORRECT ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES | A+ GRADE
A student nurse is studying clinical judgment theories and
is working with Tanner's Model of Clinical Judgment. How
can the student nurse best generalize this model?
a. A reflective process where the nurse notices, interprets,
responds, and reflects in action
b. One conceptual mechanism for critiquing ideas and
establishing goal-oriented care
c. Researching best practice literature to create care
pathways for certain populations
d. Assessing, diagnosing, implementing, and evaluating
the nursing care plans Correct Answer ANS: A
Looking across theories and definitions of clinical
judgment, they all have in common the ability to
reflect on data and choose actions. Reflection also
considers evaluating the result of the actions to
determine whether they were effective. Although
critiquing ideas and establishing goal-oriented care
could be considered part of a generalized statement of
critical thinking, this is not broad enough without the
reflection and evaluation. Clinical judgment would
most likely be used to create care paths derived from
the evidence; however, this is not the cornerstone of
the Tanner Model. Clinical judgment is used when
engaging in the nursing process, but this is too
,narrow in focus to capture the essence of critical
thinking definitions and theories. Critical thinking is
not synonymous with the nursing process.
The nurse who is certified as a Critical Care Registered
Nurse (CCRNTM) represents the unit on the
organizational performance improvement team. This is an
example of which type of leadership?
a. Formal
b. Unit
c. Organizational
d. Informal Correct Answer d. Informal
The hospital must reduce the number of readmissions
from 11% to 8% in the next year. Which of the following
best represents the transformational leadership style in
accomplishing this goal?
a. The director communicates the goal of reducing
readmissions to the hospital operations team and tells
them to submit their action plan by the end of the week.
b. The organization charters three work teams to identify
solutions for the top three causes for readmissions. These
teams are given full authority to implement their solution.
c. The director of quality develops a vision statement and
action plan to achieve the goal. The director works directly
with the involved departments to implement the action
plan.
d. The CEO communicates the goal to the organizational
directors and managers and states that they are entrusted
to solve the problem. Correct Answer c. The director of
quality develops a vision statement and action plan to
,achieve the goal. The director works directly with the
involved departments to implement the action plan.
The new director of case management assessed the need
to improve the organization's patient satisfaction with the
discharge process. Which statement below illustrates the
vision that would lead the team to this goal?
a. "The department will deliver reliable, collaborative, and
compassionate discharge planning services to all
patients."
b. "The department will hold weekly meetings every
Tuesday at 11:00 AM."
c. "There will be implementation of a new uniform policy so
staff can be readily identified."
d. "Staff are encouraged to complain about difficult
patients, families, and physicians." Correct Answer a. "The
department will deliver reliable, collaborative, and
compassionate discharge planning services to all
patients."
The clinical nurse leader needs to identify the staff who
must go home due to low census. Which answer below
describes a democratic style of decision making?
a. The clinical nurse leader identifies the staff person with
the most vacation and asks them to go home.
b. The clinical nurse leader tells the last person to show up
for their shift to go home.
c. The clinical nurse leader decides not to send anyone
home because it is too difficult to decide who should lose
hours.
, d. The clinical nurse leader asks the group if any of them
would like the opportunity to go home and selects staff
who volunteer. Correct Answer d. The clinical nurse leader
asks the group if any of them would like the opportunity to
go home and selects staff who volunteer.
According to situational and contingency theory, which
statement is true?
a. The theory challenges the concept that one leadership
style is always best.
b. The theory supports employee feelings, morale, and
feedback during the change process.
c. Motivation through inspiration and recognition is the
focus for transforming employee behavior.
d. A leader is someone who possesses great intelligence
and decision-making authority. Correct Answer a. The
theory challenges the concept that one leadership style is
always best.
To be an effective nursing leader today requires effective
collaboration, which is modeled by which answer below?
a. The nursing manager of the observation unit was
certain the psychology department would assist the unit
with a motivational plan, so she did not request their
assistance.
b. The nursing manager of the observation unit worked
with the psychology department and physical therapy to
develop a motivational plan for patients on the unit.
c. The nursing director of behavioral health services
followed the administrative directive to reduce services
and refused to provide services for patients on other units.
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