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Exam 2 NR 545 (Latest ) Questions & Answers with rationales
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Exam 2 NR 545 (Latest ) Questions & Answers with rationales
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Exam 2 NR 545 (Latest 2024 -2025) Questions &Answers with rationales
Chest Pain AKA Angina Patho - ....ANSWER
>>>>Patho: Chest pain associated with decreased
blood flow or ischemia to the myocardial tissue.
Chest pain PA - ....ANSWER >>>>Physical
Assessment: chest heaviness
Pressure
Squeezing
Fullness
Pain radiates to left shoulder, arm, or jaw.
Elevation of blood pressure during attack
Chest pain Pharm - ....ANSWER >>>>Pharm:
Nitroglycerin- relaxes and widens blood vessels
,Dosing: 0.3-0.6mg every 5 minutes for max of 3
doses
Long-term treatment to consider: ACE Inhibitors &
Beta-Blockers
Chest pain risks - ....ANSWER >>>>Risks and
complications: Acute Coronary Syndrome
Myocardial Infarction - ....ANSWER >>>>blood flow
to the heart is minimized.
Buildup of cholesterol
MI Patho - ....ANSWER >>>>imbalance between
myocardial oxygen supply and demand
Prolonged for greater than 30 minutes can lead to
cardiac tissue death.
MI PA - ....ANSWER >>>>Pain at rest
Not relieved with nitro
Lightheaded
Impending doom
Nausea
Diaphoresis
Wheezing
,MI Dx - ....ANSWER >>>>Troponins elevated, often
stay elevated for one week after infarction.
EKG- ST elevation or new left bundle branch block
Atherosclerosis - ....ANSWER >>>>when blood
vessels that carry oxygen to organs and tissues is
restricted.
Hardening of vessels from buildup of fats,
cholesterol in the artery walls
Happens gradually.
Formed plaque can break off and burst, triggering a
blood clot.
Atherosclerosis patho - ....ANSWER
>>>>inflammatory process that begins with damage
to the endothelium often result of HTN, smoking,
high cholesterol, or other risk factors.
Fatty streak to fibrous plaque and then complicated
lesion
Atherosclerosis PA - ....ANSWER >>>>modifiable risk
factors
Fluid retention
, Fatigue
Neck vein distension
Edema
Calf pain
Atherosclerosis Dx - ....ANSWER >>>>Dx: Stress tests
Chest Xray
EKG
Ankle-Brachial Index to assess blood pressure in the
extremities.
Atherosclerosis Pharm - ....ANSWER >>>>Pharm:
Antiplatelets (Aspirin)
Statins- reduce inflammation.
ACE Inhibitor- relax blood pressure and reduce work
and pressure on heart.
Can be treated with lifestyle management.
Heart Failure - ....ANSWER >>>>complex clinical
syndrome that results from structural or functional
impairment of ventricular or ejection of blood,
which in turn leads to the cardinal clinical
symptoms of dyspnea and fatigue, edema, and
rales.
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