Exam (elaborations)
NCLEX Fluid and Electrolytes ALL LATEST 2024 EXAM REVISION PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Hypernatremia - ANSWER- Serum sodium level that EXCEEDS 145 mEq/L
Causes: Hypernatremia - ANSWER- Decreased sodium excretion (corticosteroids, Cushing's
Syndrome, Renal failure, Hyperaldosterone)
Increased sodium intake (excessive oral soidium ingestion or administration of sodium containing
IV...
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NCLEX Fluid and Electrolytes ALL LATEST 2024 EXAM
REVISION PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
Hypotonic Overhydration - ANSWER- Known as water intoxication; the excessive fluid moves
into the intracellular space and all body fluid compartments expand.
Electrolyte disturbances occur as result of dilution
Causes: Isotonic Overhydration - ANSWER- Inadequately controlled IV therapy
Renal Failure
Long-term corticosteroid therapy
Causes: Hypertonic Overhydration - ANSWER- Excessive sodium ingestion
Rapid infusion of hypertonic saline
Excessive sodium bicarbonate therapy
Causes: Hypotonic Overhydration - ANSWER- Early renal failure
CHF
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiurietic hormone secretion
Inadequately controlled IV therapy
Replacement of isotonic fluid loss with hypotonic fluids
Irrigation of wounds and body cavities with hypotonic fluids
,Goal: Overhydration Tx - ANSWER- Monitor all body systems
Prevent further fluid overload and restore normal fluid balance
Administer diuretics; osmotic diuretics typically prescribed first
Restrict fluid and sodium intake
Monitor I and O and weight
Monitor electrolyte values and prep to administer meds to treat imbalance
Hyponatremia - ANSWER- Sodium level LOWER than 135
Causes: Hyponatremia - ANSWER- Increased sodium excretion
~Excessive diaphoresis
~Diuretics
~Vomiting and Diarrhea
~Wound drainage
~Renal disease
~Decreased secretion of aldosterone
Inadequate sodium intake
~NPO
~Low salt diet
Dilution of serum sodium
, ~excessive ingestion of hypotonic fluids or irrigation with hypotonic fluids
~Renal failure
~Freshwater drowning
~Syndrome of Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion
~Hyperglycemia
~CHF
Interventions: Hyponatremia - ANSWER- Condition + fluid volume deficit, IV sodium
chloride infusions are administered to restore sodium content and fluid volume
Condition + fluid volume overload, osmotic diuretics are administered to promote the excretion of
water rather than sodium
antidiuretic hormone cause: meds that antagonize antidiuretic hormone
Instruct client to to increase oral sodium intake and the foods to include in the diet
Client taking lithium (lithobid), monitor the lithium level b/c hyponatremia can cause diminished
lithium excretion, resulting in toxicity
Hypernatremia - ANSWER- Serum sodium level that EXCEEDS 145 mEq/L
Causes: Hypernatremia - ANSWER- Decreased sodium excretion (corticosteroids, Cushing's
Syndrome, Renal failure, Hyperaldosterone)
Increased sodium intake (excessive oral soidium ingestion or administration of sodium containing
IV fluids)