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EXP3604C Exam 1 FSU exam questions and answers 2025.
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EXP3604C Exam 1 FSU exam questions and answers 2025.
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EXP3604C Exam 1 FSU examquestions and answers 2025
What is trained instrospection? What are some of the problems it
had? (Ch.1)
DEFINITION
--"Report all of the basic qualities that consciously could not be
reduced to something simpler."
--"looking within"
--Report the curvature, and the color, of an apple, but NOT the fact
that it has a stem, since that can be reduced to a simpler collection
of curves.
PROBLEMS WITH IT
1. lack of replicability
--finding were very hard to replicate
--if two researchers sat down and were asked separatley to list the
elements of the same object, they would come up with different
properties
2. conflicts unresolvable
3. "imageless thought"
FROM BOOK
- limited as a research tool because some thoughts are unconscious
- can't be causal
What is "behaviorism"? How did it dominate American psychology?
(Study changes in likelihood of behavior due to its consequences.)
How was behaviorism (and the people who studied it)
criticized? (Ch.1)
- Shift to Behaviorism: Behavior controlled by consequences,
rewards and punishments; stay out of the mind
CRITIQUES
-if we follow the behaviorists instruction and focus only on the
objective situation, we will often mis-understand why people are
doing what they're doing and make the wrong predictions about
how they'll behave in the future
,-different stimuli elicit the same/different behavior (it's the
interpretation of meaning that determines the response)
-The desire to be more scientific led to changes in psychology during
the first half of the twentieth century.
-The focus switched to stimuli and behaviors that could be
objectively studied.
-Introspection and other "mentalistic" approaches were now
avoided.
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What arguments were made that we needed to study cognitive
processes, as well as different behavior in different circumstances?
Give an example of a practical question that was clearly cognitive
(Refer to the instance where there are identical switches below the
pilot's seat in an airplane and picking one can determine whether or
not the airplane crashes). (Ch.1)
- behavior cannot be understood only in terms of stimuli and
responses
- behavior also depends on things like perception, understanding,
interpretation and strategy
- in all these cases, it is the interpretation of meaning that
determines the response
, What is the transcendental method of reasoning? (Ch.1)
-you begin with the observable facts and then work backward from
these observations
-in essence, you ask: how could these observations have come
about? what must be the underlying causes that led to these effects
-Apparently, it's backwards from observations to hypothetical
causes, but study up on that because this description may or may
not include everything the teacher expects us to know about.)
The cognitive method tries to develop models that account for
results of many experiments. Give an example of working memory
as a cognitive model (Ch.1)
- Working memory is the temporary storage system in which
information is held while it is currently being worked on.
--"This includes a sentence being said out loud, like this one."
-We will use working memory as an example of how research in
cognitive psychology works.
--Also could remember things visually (rather than by saying them
to yourselves)--- call that "visuo-spatial sketch pad"
--But can also remember some things that are multimodel (think of
elephant trumpeting, hold that thought).---call that episodic buffer
--Central executive: attention and attention control, planning
strategy
Articulatory rehearsal loop (not on study guide) (Ch.1)
The articulatory rehearsal loop has two elements:
subvocalization—silently pronouncing words
a phonological buffer—memory store of sound of words, last 1-2
seconds
Things we can measure in cognitive: (Ch.1)
1. Proportion correct on test (how many you digits you recall on
digit span)
2. Speed with which you can successfully do something, also called
Reaction Time (or RT)
3. And verbal reports! Find out lots about conscious cognitive
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