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EXP 3604 Study Guide for -1 fully solved & verified actual exam(download to pass).
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EXP 3604 Study Guide for -1 fully solved & verified actual exam(download to pass).
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EXP 3604 Study Guidefor #1 fully solved &
verified actual
exam(download to
pass)
What is cognitive psychology? - answer focuses on how people
think, remember, store and use information. became big in the
1960's cognitive perspective goes with it and is the focus of
memory, intelligence, perception, thought processes, problem
solving, language, and learning
What is the mind? - answer The mind refers to the sensations,
memories, motives, emotions, thoughts and other subjective
phenomena particular to an individual or an animal that are not
readily observed. Subjective.
Early "cognitive" Psychologists and their approach to research -
answer Franciscus Donders
Herman Ebbinhaus
Wilhelm Wundt
William James
Franciscus Donders - answer Mental chronometry measured how
long a cognitive process takes using reaction time. Equation
subtractive method: Choice RT - simple RT = time to make a decision
. Could infer but not measure.
,(1) Performed the first Cog Psych experiment
Hermann Ebbinghaus - answer First person to systematically study
memory. Read nonsense words to see how many repetitions were
needed to learn them. Savings equation = (initial repetitions -
relearning repetitions) / initial repetitions.
Wilhelm Wundt - answer First Psych lab , German, "father of
psychology", Structuralism: experience of sensations; study of
mental processes, analytic introspection, and self-exam. 'science of
immediate experience' was stated by him. This simply means that
the complex perceptions can be raised through basic sensory
information
William James - answer 1842-1910; Field: functionalism;
Contributions: studied how humans use perception to function in
their environment, published the first psych textbook
Decline of cognitive psychology - answer contributing factors:
problems with introspection (varies from person to person)
Rise of behaviorism- eliminated mind as a topic of study (Watson-
classical conditioning and Skinner- operant conditioning)
Cognitive revolution: the re-emergence of cognitive psychology -
answer Contributing factors: explained behavior in terms of the
mind. Found the study of mind interdisciplinary. Chomsky argued
that kids do not learn language through imitation and
reinforcement.
Characteristics of an Experiment - answer 1. control
2. randomization
3. independent variables
4. dependent variables
, Dependent variables in cognitive psychology - answer 1. response
time
2. accuracy
3. frequency
Behavioral vs. physiological approaches - answer
Memory consolidation example (Gais et al, 2006, 2007) - answer
the effect of sleep on memory consolidation; independent variable:
one group (sleep group) learned a list of words shortly before going
to sleep while the other group (awake group) learned many hours
before going to sleep; dependent variable: memory (forgetting) for
the list of words measured two days later.
(ppl who learned stuff before they slept could recall better the next
day compared to ppl who learned stuff hours before they slept)
Neurons - answer Basic units of the nervous system in nervous
tissue. Receives nerve impulses from other cells via its cell body
and multiple extensions called dendrites. Transports impulses to
other cells via extensions called axons, which are often bundled
together into nerves
How do neuron's communicate? - answer Through synapse by a
neurotransmitter and response by postsynaptic neuron that may be
excititory or inhibitory. Action potential.
Method of recording from a neuron - answer double-entry
bookkeeping
Frontal lobe - answer A region of the cerebral cortex that has
specialized areas for movement, abstract thinking, planning,
memory, and judgement
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