PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OLOL
MITRA EXAM 3 PART III
LUNGS/PULMONARY
(LATEST) QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS!!
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OLOL MITRA
Evatee 10/9/24 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OLOL MITRA
,PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OLOL MITRA EXAM 3
PART III LUNGS/PULMONARY (LATEST)
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS!!
Common signs and symptoms of respiratory system disorders. Answer - -
Dyspnea
- Cough
- Abnormla sputum
- Hemoptysis
- Abnormal breathing patterns
What is hemoptysis? Answer - - Presence of blood in sputum
True or False.
Both inspiration and expiration are active processes, involving the intercostal
muscles and the diaphragm. Answer - False. Expiration is a passive process;
recoil effect
What are the three types of alveolar cells? Answer - 1) Diffusion of gas
2) Surfactant production (to reduce surface tension and adhesion)
3) Macrophage
What controls ventilation? Answer - - Controlled by the autonomic nervous
system
- Primary respiratory control centers are the medulla oblongata and the pons of
the brain stem
, - Chemoreceptors
What is the purpose of chemoreceptors? Where are they located? Answer - -
Detect changes in the level of CO2, hydrogen ions, and O2 levels in the blood or
in the CSF
- Central chemoreceptors are located in the medulla and peripheral
chemoreceptors are located in the carotid bodies
What factor drives breathing? Answer - CO2 levels drive breathing (i.e. when
CO2 increases = O2 decreases)
What factors affect the diffusion or exchange of gases? Answer - - Partial
pressure (O2 and CO2) between the inside of the lung and the atmosphere
outside of the body
- Thickness of the respiratory membrane (fluid accumulation in the alveoli or
interstitial impairs gas exchange)
- Total surface area available for diffusion (if destruction of alveolar walls occurs
-> surface area decreases -> diffusion of gas decreases)
- Ventilation (air flow)-perfusion ratio (blood flow) need to be at equilibrium for
maximum gas exchange
What would happen to partial pressure if a person moved to an area higher
above sea level? Answer - Partial pressure in an area with a higher atmosphere
will decrease making it harder to breath/catch your breath
What is spirometry/pulmonary function test/PFT test? Answer - Tests for
pulmonary volumes and airflow times (i.e. tidal volume, expiatory reserve,
inspiratory reserve, etc.)
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