validity - correct answer ✔✔the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to
reliability - correct answer ✔✔the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the
consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting
training academies - correct answer ✔✔three types:
1. in-house
2. regional
3. state
4th amendment - correct answer ✔✔Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures
plebe system - correct answer ✔✔a police academy model that closely parallels a military-style boot
camp and that aims to produce well-groomed and disciplined officers
college system - correct answer ✔✔A police academy training model intended to enhance the
professional aspects of police training curricula by exposing trainees to problem solving, sensitivity to
marginalized groups, and other valuable topics in addition to required technical knowledge
, civil service system - correct answer ✔✔a system in which employees are hired, retained, advanced,
disciplined, and discharged on the basis of merit
patronage system - correct answer ✔✔a system of hiring in which decisions are based more on an
individual's political support for an office-holder than on their abilities/qualifications
sixth sense - correct answer ✔✔common theme = socialization to be hyper-vigilant and suspicious;
taught to know their area, people, body language, etc.; results in the paradox of policing
paradox of policing - correct answer ✔✔A phenomenon in which a police officer's fear of being injured
or killed is stronger than is justified by actual rates of injury or death within the profession.
field training - correct answer ✔✔on the job training;
1. Introduction: learn agency policies and rules
2. Training & Evaluation:
learn complicated tasks that police officers perform regularly
3. Final Portion: observation of new officers' actions by FTO's
FTO programs - correct answer ✔✔the first in the U.S. was in San Jose (60's); FTO programs are being
replaced by Police Training Officer (PTO) models; focus on developing learning capacity, leadership, and
problem-solving skills
Civil Rights Act - correct answer ✔✔1964; Title VII ensured equal employment opportunity, fair
employment practices; Section 703A ensures no discrimination
stress - correct answer ✔✔any external factor that forces us to adjust; danger, critical incidents,
organizational issues, boredom, lack of fulfillment
police - correct answer ✔✔they have some of the highest rates of alcoholism, drug use, divorce, health
problems, and suicide
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