PSYCH 343 Exam 2 | Answered with complete solutions
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PSYCH 343
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PSYCH 343
PSYCH 343 Exam 2 | Answered with complete solutions For a child to be able to understand that the amount of water in a tall, thin glass is still the same amount that was it was when it was in a short, fat glass, the child must be able to A. classify the liquid as a substance that can be found in...
For a child to be able to understand that the amount of water in a tall, thin glass is still
the same amount that was it was when it was in a short, fat glass, the child must be
able to
A. classify the liquid as a substance that can be found in both a tall, thin glass and a
short, fat glass.
B. use hypothetico-deductive reasoning to solve the problem.
C. decenter on the height of the liquid in the glass and pay attention to both the width of
the container and the height of the liquid.
D. understand that knowledge is not absolute but relative, so they can resolve
contradictory information.
Compared to older adolescents and adults, younger adolescents are more likely to
A. use elaboration rather than rehearsal as a memory strategy.
B. have a more integrated knowledge base.
C. create intuitive, automatic memories rather than specific, verbatim memories.
D. use both the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus when working on a memory task.
In Vygotsky's theory, the cognitive abilities that are in the process of forming and which
a child can demonstrate with a little help is called the
zone of proximal development
Intuitive thought is a type of reasoning in which children
A. cannot see the world from another's point of view.
B. begin with a general case, and reason down to a specific instance.
C. begin to put together logical explanations but are still influenced more by what they
perceive than by logical reasoning.
D. begin with a set of specific instances and reason up to a general conclusion.
Piaget would say that the stages in his theory
A. are only general descriptions of how cognitive development occurs and do not apply
to every child.
B. typically happen in the order he describes, but can occur out of order for children who
are very bright.
C. always occur in the order he describes, but the ages at which they occur are only
approximations.
D. are based upon the typical social experiences that children have at different ages.
,Recent cross-cultural research on Piaget's theory has found that
A. children in non-Western cultures move through the stages at a much slower rate than
children in Western cultures.
B. Piaget's tasks cannot be adapted in ways that make them culturally relevant for
cross-cultural research.
C. the stages that Piaget describes appear in the same order in other cultures, but the
rate at which children move through the stages can differ.
D. contrary to earlier findings, children from non-Western cultures usually perform better
on Piagetian tasks than children from Western cultures.
When children develop classification skills, they become better at games such as "20
Questions", demonstrated by how they
A. begin by asking questions from the smallest category possible to narrow out all the
potential answers.
B. continue to work their way down from larger to smaller categories when asking
questions.
C. use knowledge from past experience to answer questions.
D. focus on one aspect and continue to ask questions along that dimension.
One of the basic principles in Piaget's theory of cognitive development is that
A. the mistakes that children make in their reasoning are meaningful because they
indicate the nature of the child's current thought processes.
B. a child's surprise when one of their expectations is violated is the best measure of
their level of cognitive development.
C. the strongest influence on the way we think about and understand the world is the
social world in which we live.
D. children must develop metacognitive functions before they can reason accurately
about the world.
How quickly we can take in information is our
processing speed
Long-term and working memory reach peak capacity at age
11 or 12
In Piaget's theory of cognitive development, in order to solve conservation problems,
you must be able to
A. focus on one aspect of a situation and fail to notice changes in other aspects.
B. bring together and analyze contradictory thoughts or actions.
C. understand that the amount, volume or mass of objects remains the same even if
their appearance changes.
D. organize concepts into a series of hierarchical categories.
, When an adolescent can solve a complex problem by first formulating hypotheses and
then testing those hypotheses in a systematic and logical way, the adolescent is
engaging in
hypothetic-deductive reasoning
Executive function enables you to
A. coordinate attention and control behavioral responses so you can attain a goal.
B. recall specific memories, rather than just general, impressionistic memories.
C. develop an organized and well-integrated knowledge base.
D. employ various strategies to enhance your autobiographical memory.
In Piaget's theory, a schema is
A. an understanding of memory, how it works, and how to use it effectively.
B. a memory strategy for increasing the number of associations that ties individual
pieces of information together.
C. a cognitive framework that allows us to place concepts, objects, and experiences into
categories or groups.
D. a way to coordinate attention and memory and control behavioral responses in order
to attain a goal.
Children do not develop the ability to think logically and abstractly until they reach the
stage of
formal operations
Which of the following is not an ability associated with executive function?
A. Cognitive flexibility
B. Scaffolding
C. Planning
D. Inhibitory control
Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development differs from Piaget's theory in that
A. Piaget's theory portrays children's cognitive development as occurring much more
rapidly.
B. Vygotsky saw cognitive development as based upon the child's social interaction with
others.
C. Piaget saw children as being dependent upon others for the learning that occurs.
D. Vygotsky portrays children's cognitive development as developing in a single
predictable way.
Today 3-year-old Chandra is going for her first flight on an airplane. As the engines
begin to roar, the plane vibrates as it picks up speed, and as it finally lifts off the ground,
she looks at her mother's expression. Her mother is smiling as she looks out of the
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