Encounter - correct answer ✔✔-unexpectedly experience or be faced with (something difficult or
hostile).
-an unexpected or casual meeting with someone or something.
Socialization theory - correct answer ✔✔theory that police behavior, both positive and negative, is
determined more by work experiences and peers than by preemployment values and attitudes
Predisposition theory - correct answer ✔✔the idea that the behavior of a police officer is primarily
explained by the characteristics, values, and attitudes of that person before he or she was employed
Law enforcement problems - correct answer ✔✔Were those behaviors considered serious enough to
warrant a citation or arrest, such as serious traffic violations and most felonies and major misdemeanors.
Order maintenance problems - correct answer ✔✔-the police role in defining and regulating the fair use
of public spaces, and it has been a central aspect of police work since the inception of modern police
agencies
-involved less serious violations of the law, such as misdemeanors or problems that police usually
handled without resorting to issuing citations or making arrests.
J.Q. Wilson - correct answer ✔✔- best known for his research into the behavior of criminals and police.
He helped change the way policing is done is America.
-wrote Varieties of police behavior
-he was able to identify and create typologies of behavior within different organizations.
-found that there are 2 general categories of problems confronting police departments (Law
enforcement problems & Order maintenance problems).
-Stated that differences in policing styles were found primarily in how order maintenance problems were
handled.
-Identified 3 different orginazational styles : watchman style, service style, legalistic style
, Symbolic assailant - correct answer ✔✔type of person the police officer thinks is potentially dangerous
or troublesome, usually because of the way the person walks, talks, and dresses
In-group solidarity - correct answer ✔✔A closeness and loyalty among officers brought about by the
perceived danger of police work, the close- knit working relations among officers, concerns that
outsiders cannot be trusted and a common basis of patrol activity.
Noble cause corruption - correct answer ✔✔The abandonment of ethical and legal means to achieve
good ends. Occurs when police use violence and subjugation of rights because they are more concerned
about the noble cause (such as getting bad guys off the streets and protecting victims and children) than
about the morality of technically legal behavior.
Rotten apple theory - correct answer ✔✔the idea that corruption is limited to a small number of officers
who were probably dishonest prior to their employment. The term stems from the metaphor that a few
rotten apples will spoil the barrel; in other words, a few bad officers can spoil a department.
Racial profiling - correct answer ✔✔When race is used as the sole or primary factor influencing officers
decisions, particularly within the context of traffic stops. Race rather than behavior influences officers
behavior
Police misconduct - correct answer ✔✔Actions that violate departmental guidelines (policies,
procedures, rules, and regulations) that define both appropriate and inappropriate conduct for officers.
Police deviance - correct answer ✔✔activities of officers that are inconsistent with their legal authority,
the department's authority, and standards of ethical conduct
Occupational deviance - correct answer ✔✔illegal behavior by an officer in the course of work or under
the clock of police authority
Police corruption - correct answer ✔✔any forbidden act that involves misuse of an officer's position for
gain
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