Exam (elaborations)
MICROBIOLOGY210 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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MICROBIOLOGY210 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS...
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The three basic parts of a DNA nucleotide are: - ANSWER phosphate,deoxyribose sugar, nitrogenous base
The two strands of DNA are joined together by: - ANSWER hydrogen
bonding
The specific point on the DNA where replication begins is the: -
ANSWER origin of replication
Early in the process of DNA replication, the enzyme ___________
separates the two strands. - ANSWER helicase
DNA polymerase requires what? - ANSWER a template for the synthesis
of DNA
If an organism lost the ability to make primase, what would it be unable
to do? - ANSWER Add a short sequence of complementary RNA to the
existing DNA strand.
Two different mechanisms for copying the DNA strands are used
because? - ANSWER The strands are oriented in opposite directions
What strand of DNA is transcribed? - ANSWER 5' to 3' direction or
"leading strand"
What reads codons? - ANSWER tRNA
What occurs during DNA replication? - ANSWER Duplicates the DNA
molecule so its encoded information can be passed on to the next
generation
, Define the purpose of transcription - ANSWER Copies the information
from DNA into RNA
Define the purpose of translation - ANSWER interprets the information
carried by RNA to synthesize the encoded protein
List the three types of RNA required for gene expression - ANSWER 1.
tRNA
2. mRNA
3. rRNA
How many replication forks occur during DNA replication? - ANSWER 2
Replication is _________ and begins at the ______ of replication -
ANSWER Replication is semiconservative and begins at the origin of
replication
DNA gyrase - ANSWER Enzyme that temporarily breaks the strands of
DNA, relieving the tension caused by unwinding the two strands of the
DNA helix
DNA ligase - ANSWER Enzyme that joins two DNA fragments together
by forming a covalent bond between the sugar and phosphate residues
of adjacent nucleotides
DNA polymerases - ANSWER Enzymes that synthesize DNA; use one
strand of DNA as a template; synthesis always occurs in the 5' to 3'
direction
Helicases - ANSWER Enzymes that unwind the DNA helix at the
replication fork
Origin of Replication - ANSWER Distinct region of DNA molecule at
which replication is initiated
Primase - ANSWER Enzyme that synthesizes small fragments of RNA to
serve as primers for DNA synthesis
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