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Criminal Justice Exam 1 questions well answered to pass
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Criminal Justice Exam 1 questions well answered to pass
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Criminal Justice Exam 1discretion - correct answer ✔✔refers to the ability of criminal justice personnel to choose from an array
of options or outcomes based on their judgement and experiences, their department policies and the
laws of our community.
Criminal justice - correct answer ✔✔refers to the structure, functions, and decision-making processes of
those agencies that deal with the management and control of crime and criminal offenders.
Criminology - correct answer ✔✔the scientific study of the nature and causes of crime, the rates of
crime, the punishment and rehabilitation of offenders, and the prevention of crime
Criminal law - correct answer ✔✔the branch of modern jurisprudence that deals with offenses
committed against the safety and order of the state.
Criminal procedure - correct answer ✔✔Encompasses the series of orderly steps and actions, authorized
by law or the courts, used to determine whether a person accused of a crime is guilty or not guilty
Constitutional law - correct answer ✔✔Focuses on the legal rules and principles that define the nature
and limits of governmental power and the duties and rights of individuals in relation to the state.
Although not all of the Constitution relates to criminal law, Supreme Court and lower-court
interpretations of its articles and amendments have had a direct impact on criminal law and criminal
procedure.
Criminology emergence - correct answer ✔✔The field developed as an outgrowth of the many calls for
law and order that emerged during the presidency of LBJ in the 1960s.
Also see calls for the nationalization of the bill of rights during this time.
Presidents commission on law enforcement and administration of justice - correct answer ✔✔This
commission commonly referred to as the presidents crime commission, appointed several task forces to
study the crime problem and the structure of criminal justice administration and to make
recommendations for action
,The Challenge of Crime in a Free Society - correct answer ✔✔Comprehensive report issued in 1967 by
the President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice. The report documented
the serious impact of crime on US society and issued over 200 specific proposals for action. Particular
areas of focus included police-community relationships and the low quality and education level of many
police personnel.
targeted seven objectives - correct answer ✔✔1. society must seek to prevent crime before it happens
2. the aim of reducing crime would be better served if the system of criminal justice developed a far
broader range of techniques with which to deal with individual offenders
3. the system must eliminate existing injustices
4.The system of criminal justice must attract more and better people
5. there must be more operational and basic research on the problems of crime and criminal
administration
6. The police courts and correctional agencies must be given increased funding
7. Individual citizens, civic and business organizations, religious institutions and all levels of government
must take responsibility for planning and implementing the changes that must be made in the criminal
justice system.
Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 - correct answer ✔✔an act that provided resources
to local and state government to assist in the adoption of reforms, including the Law Enforcement
Assistance Administration
Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) - correct answer ✔✔organized within the
department of justice to develop new devices, techniques, and approaches in law enforcement; to
award discretionary grants for special programs in the field of cj and to supply states and municipalities
with funds for improving their criminal justice system and for training and educating criminal justice
personnel.
Crime, justice and correction - correct answer ✔✔1960 publication by lawyer-sociologist Paul W. Tappan
that began the Supreme Courts decisions to creep into discussions of criminal justice processing and the
machinery of justice
Due process model - correct answer ✔✔Stresses the possibility of error in the stages leading up to a trial
, The model assumes that justice is better served if everyone gets his or her fair day in court even if a few
guilty people go free as a result.
Warren court - correct answer ✔✔the Supreme Court under the leadership of Chief Justice Earl Warren,
1953-1969--- announced a large number of decisions that were in accordance with the due process
model.
Applied a relatively strict version of the due process model to criminal justice
Crime control model - correct answer ✔✔emphasizes efficiency and is based on the view that the most
important function of the criminal justice process is the repression of criminal conduct
Assumes that it is acceptable to suspend individual rights or perhaps overlook technicalities in procedure
in the interest of protecting society from criminal behavior.
Burger court - correct answer ✔✔The Supreme Court under the leadership of Chief Justice Warren
Burger (1969-1986)--- appeared attuned to the crime control model in its decisions.
Example- three strikes laws
Wedding cake model - correct answer ✔✔Attributed to Samuel Walker
The bottom layer of the cake encompasses lower-level misdemeanors that receive very little attention
within the system, even though they constitute the vast majority of the caseload in most jurisdictions.
The next two layers compromise felonies with the less serious felonies on the lower of the two layers
and more serious on the upper layer.
the top layer consists of the celebrated cases--- the offenders and offense we hear on the media.
Funnel Model of Criminal Justice - correct answer ✔✔Few offenders were or continue to be ultimately
be incarcerated after the cases were reported
Funneling decision ensure that cases are handled in the most efficient and effective manner possible.
6 important trends on contemporary criminal justice procedures and policies - correct answer ✔✔War
on drugs, the increasing rate of criminality among women, the ways in which the so-called system of
criminal justice is sometimes a nonsystem, the importance of involving crime victims in the justice
process, the influence of the media and most recently the impact of global terrorism
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