Summary
Summary BMS 300 Exam 2 Study Guide
- Course
- Bms 300
- Institution
- Colorado State University
This is a comprehensive and detailed study guide on Exam 2 for Bms 300. *Essential Study Material!!
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Nervous System--Exam 22/20 Neurons
● Structure
○ Dendrite
○ Cell body
○ Axon
○ Axon terminal
● Function
○ Input: contains ligand-gated channels (synaptic potentials)
○ Conductile: contains voltage-gated channels (action potentials)
○ Output: voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (exocytosis)
○ Cell biology of neurons
■ Logistics of an asymmetric cell
● Anterograde transport
● Retrograde transport
■ Transport Rates
● 1. Fast: 200-400 mm/day vesicular protein
● 2. Slow: 0.5-2 mm/day cytoplasmic protein
○ Slow transport as intermittent fast transport
○ Experiments to separate slow and fast transport
2/24 Physiology of Excitable Cells
● Generating the Membrane Potential
○ The K+ Battery
■ Plasma membrane
■ Permeability to K+ ions 1st selective leak channels
■ A- inside cell: impermeant
○ The Nernst Potential- The K+ Equilibrium Potential
𝑅𝑇 𝐾0
■ 𝐸𝑘 = 𝑍𝐹
𝑙𝑛 𝐾𝑖
■ R= gas constant
■ F= Faraday
■ z= ion change
■ T= temp. in K
● Role of the Na+ Channel
○ Na+ selective channel
○ Channel can open and close
● Role of Ion Permeability
○ The membrane potential seeks the equilibrium potential for the ion whose
permeability is dominant
● Generating the Action Potential
○ 1st leak
○ V-gated Na+ channels open then inactivate
, ○ Role of charged in v-gated Na+ channel opening
○ Concept of threshold potential propagation
● Nodes of Ranvier: regions of naked axonal membrane where voltage-gated channels
duster
● Internodal regions
○ Regions of axon ensheathed by concentric layers of myelin
● Myelin formation in CNS by oligodendrocytes
● Schwann cells in PNS
○ Form myelin wraps around axons in PNS
● Multiple Sclerosis as a disease of oligodendrocytes
● Role of Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes in neuronal degeneration
●
PNS Glia ← Glia → CNS Glia
Glial Cells, Schwann cells, Astrocytes: regulate the
neurolemmocytes extracellular environment
in CNS
Responsible for forming Oligodendrocytes:
myelin wraps around producing insulating wraps
axons/conductile regions in around conductile/axonal
PNS regions in cells
Microglia (macrophages):
cells of immunity
●
2/26 Action Potential Generation and Propagation
● Leak channels
○ Set the resting membrane potential
● Voltage-gated Na+ channels
○ Charge sensitive
○ Depolarize membrane potential towards ENa
○ Inactivate shortly after opening have threshold for opening
● Voltage-gated K+ channels open
○ Charge sensitive
○ Slower opening than Na+ channels delayed Rectifier
● Action potential propagation
○ In membranes where v-gated channels clustered at one site
○ In membranes where v-gated channels are distributed along unmyelinated
○ In membranes where v-gated channels myelin clustered at nodes of ranvier
2/27 Action potential propagation in myelinated axons
● Propagation in unmyelinated axons
○ Uniform distribution of v-gated channels
○ Role of membrane capacitance
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