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560H DEVELOPMENTAL NUTRITION COMP EXAM
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560H DEVELOPMENTAL NUTRITIONCOMP EXAM
What are the physiological effects of estrogens from contraceptives?
suppresses action of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating
hormone thereby suppressing ovulation
What are the physiological effects of progesterone in contraceptives?
blocks LH and ovulation and induces a barrier to sperm by causing
cervical mucus to become thick and sticky
What are the physiological effects of the combination of estrogen +
progesterone in birth control?
- altered blood lipid levels
- increased blood and insulin levels
- increased stroke
What nutrient deficiencies are related to fertility during preconception?
- selenium
- vitamin C
- vitamin E
- zinc
- iron
What deficiency during preconception can increase risk of neural tube
defects?
folate
What supplement is recommended to reduce neural tube defects and
the amount recommended?
folic acid; 400 mcg
What supplement is recommended to decrease the risk of the baby
being delivered prematurely?
iron
What can increase risk of miscarriage, low birthweight, and premature
birth?
alcohol
What is the maximum dose of vitamin A for pregnancy?
>10,000
What are 3 causes of fertility disruption?
,1) overweight/obesity
2) underweight
3) over 35 years of age
Women with ______ BMI's may develop an ovulation and amenorrhea
low
What are the 3 components of a female athlete triad?
1) Amenorrhea
2) eating disorder
3) osteoporosis
What are the 4 recommendations to prevent gestational diabetes?
1) low glycemic foods
2) pre-pregnancy weight loss
3) increased fiber intake
4) exercise
What risk is increased in gestational diabetes?
mom and baby can develop insulin resistance
What are the 3 common symptoms of PCOS?
1) obesity/overweight
2) hirsutism
3) insulin resistance
What can PCOS increase the risk of in pregnancy? (name 2)
miscarriage and gestational diabetes
What are the 3 ways to manage PCOS?
1) insulin sensitizing drugs
2) weight loss and exercise
3) Diet - lean proteins, whole grains, fruit and veggies, reg meals, low fat
diary, low GI index carbs
What is phenylketonuria?
most frequency inherited disorder of amino acid metabolism
What is the name of the condition where there is a genetic abnormality
where the body doesn't make enough phenylalanine hydroxylase
therefore it cannot convert tyrosine and builds up leading to heart
defects and CNS problems?
PKU
What is the main nutrition related recommendation for PKU?
low phenyalanine diet for life
What disease is related to higher rates of infertility and substantially
higher rates of sub fertility?
, celiac
What is subfertility?
any form of reduced fertility with prolong time of unwanted non-
conception
What is the definition of infertility?
Failure to conceive after 1 year of unprotected intercourse
Why does celiac disease increase infertility and subferility?
underlying nutritional deficiencies due to autoimmune destruction of
microvilli in small intestine cause malabsorption
What vitamin and mineral deficiencies can occur from untreated celiac
disease?
- folate
- vitamin B12
- vitamin A
- Vitamin D
- vitamin E
- Vitamin K
- calcium
- iron
What health problems can result from untreated celiac disease?
- lactose maldigestion, intoleracne
- weight loss
- anemia
- osteoporosis
- subferility
- growth failure
The following symptoms are from what food sensitivity?
behavioral changes, bone/joint pain, muscle crams, leg numbness,
weight loss, chornic fatigue, diarrhea, brain fog
non-celiac gluten
The following characteristics are from what disease?
- Onset is months or years
- Risk of nutrient deficiencies or autoimmune disorders
- Related antibodies present and genes present
- Small intestine tissue lining damage, abdominal pain, diarrhea
- Symptom relief comes from gluten free diet
celiac
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