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Inquiry into life: 11. - 21. kafli Test Bank 17th Edition by Sylvia Mader Exam 2024/2025 Questions With Completed & Verified Solutions. $10.99   Add to cart

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Inquiry into life: 11. - 21. kafli Test Bank 17th Edition by Sylvia Mader Exam 2024/2025 Questions With Completed & Verified Solutions.

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Inquiry into life: 11. - 21. kafli Test Bank 17th Edition by Sylvia Mader Exam 2024/2025 Questions With Completed & Verified Solutions.

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  • October 6, 2024
  • 133
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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ALICE12
Inquiry into life: 11. - 21. kafli

four major types of tissues found in the human body
Epithelial tissue, Connective tissue, Muscular tissue, Nervous tissue


Epithelial tissue
covers body surfaces and lines body cavities (þekjuvefur)




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Connective tissue
binds and supports body parts (bandvefur)


Muscular tissue
moves the body and its parts (vöðvavefur)


Nervous tissue
Taugavefur tekur á móti áreiti (stimuli) og ber boð


structural feature: Epithelial tissue
Ýmist flögulaga, teningslaga eða stuðlalaga, mynd bls. 192


structural feature: Connective tissue
mynd bls. 193 og 194 vantar reticular

,structural feature: Muscular tissue
mynd bls. 195


structural feature: Nervous tissue
mynd bls. 196


common locations in human body: Epithelial tissue (þekjuvefur)
Ytrla lagið af húðinni (epidermis)

Slímhúð í þörmum

Slímhúð í öndunarfærum

Slímhúð kviðarholsins

Svitakirtlum


common locations in human body: Connective tissue (bandvefur)
Hægt að finna á milli annarskonar vefja alls staðar í líkamanum (meira að segja taugakerfinu)


common locations in human body: Muscular tissue (vöðvavefur)
Slétta vöðva (smooth muscle) er hægt að finna í líkamsholum holótta líffæra t.d. eins og í lifrini,
brisi og þörmum. EN ekki hægt að finna í hjartanu þvíi þar finnur maður hjartavöðva (striated
cells form cardiac mucle). Rákótta vöðva (skeletal muscles) er hægt að finna alls staðar í
líkamanum tengda við beinagrindina.


common locations in human body: Nervous tissue (taugavefur)
Staðsetning taugavefsins er í taugakerfinu (heila og mænu)


Basement membrane: úr hverju er það?
glycoproteini og kollagen fibers (netþráðum)


Flokkun yfirborðsþekju byggir á:
Frumulögun og uppröðun

,Frumulögun þekjufrumna
flögulaga / squamose, teningslaga / cuboidal og stuðlalaga / colimnar


uppröðun þekjufrumna
eitt lag / simple, mörg lög / stratified og fölsk marglaga þekja / pseudostratified


Einföld flöguþekja (Simple squamous)
- Einfalt lag flögulaga frumna, myndar slétt og hált yfirborð, efni flæða auðveldlega í gegn
- Klæðir líkamshol að innan og líffæri að utan
- Háræðar og lungnablöðrur: Eingöngu úr einfaldri flöguþekju


Einföld teningsþekja (Simple cuboidal)
Þekur t.d. nýrnapíplur og sumar kirtilrásir


Einföld stuðlaþekja (Simple columnar)
Án bifhára: Þekur mestan hluta meltingarvegar. Bikarfrumur (goblet cells) mynda slím

Með bifhárum: Klæðir t.d eggjaleiðara þar sem bifhárin sópa egginu í átt að legi


Fölsk marglaga stuðlaþekja (pseudostratified)
Eitt lag stuðlalaga frumna sem lítur út eins og nokkur lög

Allar frumur í tengslum við grunnhimnu, en ekki allar í tenglsum við yfirborð

Í öndunarvegi: Bifhærð með slímmyndandi bikarfrumum (goblet cells)


Margföld flöguþekja (Stratified squamous)
Í nefi, munni, vélinda, endaþarmi, legi. Húðin.


Kirtilþekja (glandular epithelium)
Kirtill er fruma eða frumuhópur sem myndar og seytir efnum


Skil á milli þekjufrumna
Rásir eru á milli samlægra frumna í vefjum. Þræðir úr frymisgrind o.fl. halda frumunum saman

Adhesion junction (Viðloðunartengi)

, Gap junction (Gangatengi)

Tight junction (Þétt tengi)


Stoðvefur (connective tissue) - 7 tegundir
Laus trefjastoðvefur (loose fibrous connective tissue)

Þéttur trefjastoðvefur (dense fibrous connective tissue)

Fituvefur (adipose tissue):

Netjubandvefur (reticular connective tissue)

Brjósk (hyaline cartilage)

Bein (bone tissue)

Blóð (blood tissue)


Staðsetning: Laus trefjastoðvefur (loose fibrous connective tissue)
Umlykur ýmis innri líffæri


Staðsetning: Þéttur trefjastoðvefur (dense firbous connective tissue)
Í sinum og böndum


Staðsetning og hlutver: Fituvefur (adipose tissue)
M.a. í undirhúð og milli líffæra. Hlutverk: Forðanæring, einangrun, stuðningur


Staðsetning: Netjubandvefur (reticular connective tissue)
Í líffærum ónæmiskerfisins (eitlum og milta)


Staðsetning og einkenni: brjósk skiptist í þessa flokka
Glærbrjósk (hyaline cartilage): á milli frumna eru fínlegir kollagenþræðir, t.d. í nefi

Trefjabrjósk (fibrocartilage): á milli frumna eru stífir kollagenþræðir, t.d. í liðþófum milli
hryggjarliða

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