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Exam (elaborations)

NR 507 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

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NR 507 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS Dermatomes - Answer-area of the skin that is mainly supplied by branches of a single spinal sensory nerve root. These spinal sensory nerves enter the nerve root at the spinal cord, and their branches reach to the periphery of the body. Subs...

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  • October 6, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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EmillyCharlotte
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NR 507 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

Dermatomes - Answer✔✔-area of the skin that is mainly supplied by branches of a single spinal sensory

nerve root. These spinal sensory nerves enter the nerve root at the spinal cord, and their branches reach

to the periphery of the body.


Substance release at the synapse - Answer✔✔-Acetylcholine- Excitatory or inhibitory- alzheimers




Norepi- Excitatory or inhibitory- sleep/wake cycle, SYNS transmission




Dopa- Excitatory (h1 and h2 receptors) and inhibitory (H3 receptors). parkinson disease


Spondylolysis - Answer✔✔-structural defect (degeneration, fracture, or developmental defect) in the

pars interarticularis of the vertebral arch (the joining of the vertebral body to the posterior structures).

The lumbar spine at L5 is affected most often.


-Heredity


-Other congenital spinal defects


motor and sensory areas of the brain - Answer✔✔-Parietal lobe- major area for somatic sensory input,

located along the postcentral gyrus. which is adjacent to the primary motor area in the precentral gyrus.




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FIRST PUBLISH SEPTEMBER 2024


Primary motor area (Brodmann area 4)- located along the precentral gyrus forming the primary

voluntary motor area (homunculus) (little man).




Association fibers provide communication between sensory and motor


Ischemic penumbra - Answer✔✔-ischemic but not infarcted (salvageable) tissue. Peri-infarct tissue.


-no structural damage


Cerebral infarction - Answer✔✔-ischemic- white infarct (affected area is pale and soft 6-12 hours after).

necrosis appears by 48 to 72 hours.




Infiltration of macrophages and phagocytosis of necrotic tissue. necrosis resolves around the 2nd week.

glial scarring.


excitotoxins - Answer✔✔-Toxins (usually amino acids) that overstimulate glutamate release and cause

neuron suicide.


Agnosia - Answer✔✔-the inability to recognize familiar objects.




-tactile/spatial-parietal lobe


-Gerstmann syndrome (loss of spatial orientation of fingers, body, sides and #s)- L angular gyrus (Parieral)


-Object- Temporo-occipital area


-Associated with CVAs

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FIRST PUBLISH SEPTEMBER 2024


Subarachnoid hemorrhage - Answer✔✔-Bleeding into the subarachnoid space, where the cerebrospinal

fluid circulates.


-ruptured intracranial aneurysm/trauma


-IICP/irritates meningeal tissues/produces inflammation, blood coats nerve roots, impairs CSF circulation


-compensatory increase in SBP


Meningitis - Answer✔✔-Bacterial- Meningococcus and S. pneumococcus bacteria are most common




Viral- Specific pathogen cannot be found in CSF


Prostate cancer prevention - Answer✔✔--Eat a low fat diet


- Slow growing cancer so DRE and PSA testing prevents


BPH and the urinary system - Answer✔✔-- Chronic inflammation


-Bladder outflow obstruction


-Urge to pee often


-delay in starting stream


- Decreased force of stream


-Urinary retention/ overflow incontinence (late sign)


Complications: Hematuria, infections, bladder calculi, retention, hydronephrosis, renal insufficiency


Cause of respiratory Alkalosis - Answer✔✔-- fever


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