1. What is a dihybrid cross?
A) A cross that considers only one trait.
B) A cross involving two different traits. (Correct Answer)
C) A cross between two homozygous individuals.
D) A cross between two recessive traits.
CORRECT ANSWER: B) A cross involving two different traits.
2. What is incomplete dominance?
A) One allele completely masks the effect of another.
B) Offspring display a mix of traits from both parents. (Correct Answer)
C) Both alleles are equally expressed without blending.
D) A trait is only expressed with two dominant alleles.
CORRECT ANSWER: B) Offspring display a mix of traits from both parents.
3. What is the genotype?
A) The physical expression of a trait.
B) The combination of alleles for a specific trait. (Correct Answer)
C) The location of a gene on a chromosome.
D) The observable characteristics of an organism.
CORRECT ANSWER: B) The combination of alleles for a specific trait.
4. What does a Punnett square allow you to do?
A) Determine the number of chromosomes.
B) Predict the outcomes of genetic crosses. (Correct Answer)
C) Identify dominant traits only.
D) Analyze gene mutations.
CORRECT ANSWER: B) Predict the outcomes of genetic crosses.
5. What is the Law of Segregation?
A) Genes for different traits are inherited independently.
B) Only dominant traits are expressed in offspring.
C) Paired chromosomes separate during gamete formation. (Correct Answer)
D) Traits are passed down without any variation.
CORRECT ANSWER: C) Paired chromosomes separate during gamete formation.
6. What is the Law of Independent Assortment?
A) Traits are inherited together.
B) Genes segregate independently during gamete formation. (Correct Answer)
C) Dominant traits are always expressed.
D) Alleles are blended in offspring.
CORRECT ANSWER: B) Genes segregate independently during gamete formation.
7. What is a homozygous trait?
A) When both alleles are different.
B) When both alleles for a given gene are the same. (Correct Answer)
C) When one allele is dominant over another.
D) When a trait is not expressed.
CORRECT ANSWER: B) When both alleles for a given gene are the same.
8. What is a heterozygous trait?
A) When both alleles are the same.
B) When both alleles for a given gene are different. (Correct Answer)
C) When a trait is expressed as recessive.
D) When a trait is dominant.
CORRECT ANSWER: B) When both alleles for a given gene are different.
9. What is the F1 generation?
A) The first generation of offspring resulting from a cross. (Correct Answer)
B) The parental generation.
C) The generation resulting from a cross of two F1 individuals.
D) The last generation in a genetic study.
CORRECT ANSWER: A) The first generation of offspring resulting from a cross.
10. What is a Punnett square used for?
A) To visualize the structure of DNA.
B) To predict the probability of offspring genotypes. (Correct Answer)
C) To determine the number of chromosomes.
D) To analyze genetic mutations.
CORRECT ANSWER: B) To predict the probability of offspring genotypes.
11. What is a monohybrid cross?
A) A cross that considers only one trait. (Correct Answer)
B) A cross involving two different traits.
C) A cross between two homozygous individuals.
D) A cross between individuals of different species.
CORRECT ANSWER: A) A cross that considers only one trait.
12. What is the Law of Dominance?
A) Only recessive traits are expressed.
B) One gene usually expresses itself over another. (Correct Answer)
C) Traits are passed down without variation.
D) Genes are inherited independently.
CORRECT ANSWER: B) One gene usually expresses itself over another.
13. What are homologous chromosomes?
A) Chromosomes that carry genes for different traits.
B) Chromosomes that are identical in structure and function.
C) Corresponding pairs of chromosomes carrying genes for the same traits. (Correct
Answer)
D) Chromosomes that are located in different cells.
CORRECT ANSWER: C) Corresponding pairs of chromosomes carrying genes for the
same traits.
14. What is an allele?
A) The physical appearance of a trait.
B) A different form of a gene. (Correct Answer)
C) The entire genetic makeup of an organism.
D) A section of DNA that codes for a protein.
CORRECT ANSWER: B) A different form of a gene.
15. What is a phenotype?
A) The genetic makeup of an organism.
B) The physical expression of a trait. (Correct Answer)
C) The location of a gene on a chromosome.
D) The number of alleles present in an organism.
CORRECT ANSWER: B) The physical expression of a trait.
16. What are gamete cells?
A) Cells that contain two copies of each chromosome.
B) Cells involved in asexual reproduction.
C) Reproductive cells with half the genetic information of the parent. (Correct Answer)
D) Cells that form muscle tissue.
CORRECT ANSWER: C) Reproductive cells with half the genetic information of the
parent.
17. What is the significance of the F2 generation?
A) It results from a cross between two P1 individuals.
B) It provides evidence of the Law of Segregation. (Correct Answer)
C) It consists of only dominant traits.
D) It is the last generation in a genetic study.
CORRECT ANSWER: B) It provides evidence of the Law of Segregation.
18. What is the role of chromosomes in inheritance?
A) They carry out cellular functions.
B) They contain genetic information in the form of genes. (Correct Answer)
C) They produce energy for the cell.
D) They help in cell division only.
CORRECT ANSWER: B) They contain genetic information in the form of genes.
19. What is a recessive allele?
A) An allele that is always expressed.
B) An allele that can mask the effect of a dominant allele.
C) An allele that does not produce its trait when a dominant allele is present. (Correct
Answer)
D) An allele that is only found in the F2 generation.
CORRECT ANSWER: C) An allele that does not produce its trait when a dominant
allele is present.
20. What is the purpose of meiosis?
A) To produce identical cells for growth.
B) To produce gametes with half the genetic information. (Correct Answer)
C) To repair damaged tissues.
D) To facilitate asexual reproduction.
CORRECT ANSWER: B) To produce gametes with half the genetic information.
ANSWER= also known as incomplete dominance
Multiple alleles
ANSWER= ABO blood group is example. More than 2 choices of alleles are present. In
ABO group, A and B are dominant and O is recessive.
ANSWER= traits that are inherited together. This is exception to law of independent
assortment. Some traits are always inherited together.
What is crossing over?
ANSWER= During metaphase of meiosis 1 when homologous chromosomes line up
along the center of the dividing cell, some pieces of the chromosomes break off and
move from one chromosome to another. Adds more variation of traits.
Does crossing over occur for genes that are closer together or farther apart?
ANSWER= It is more likely that crossing over occurs between genes that do not lie
close together on a chromosome.
How is gender determined in an organism?
ANSWER= Gender is determined in an organism by a particular homologous pair of
chromosomes.
polygenetic inheritance
ANSWER= traits produced from interaction of multiple sets of genes.
Examples of polygenic inheritance
ANSWER= diseases such as diabetes and heart disease have multiple contributing
factors involved in their development in a person.
Are polygenic traits difficult or easy to map and predict?
ANSWER= Polygenic traits are difficult to map and predict because of the varied
effects of the different genes and contributing factors on a specific trait or disease.
Are diseases resulting from genetic disorders rare or common?
ANSWER= They are very rare because they are mostly derived from abnormalities of a
single gene.
What are autosomal dominant disorders?
ANSWER= diseases that can affect a person when only one mutated copy of the gene
is present.
What is the frequency of an autosomal dominant disorder in the children of an affected
parent?
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