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Rio Salado Bio 202 Exam 1 (2024) Questions With Latest Solutions
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10/5/24, 7:08 PMRio Salado Bio 202 Exam 1
Jeremiah
Terms in this set (34)
Endocrine:
- secretes hormones
- secretes into interstitial fluid and intervascular fluid
- also called "ductless glands"
Compare and contrast endocrine and - ex: thyroid gland, pituitary gland
exocrine glands
Exocrine:
- discharged onto epithelial surface
- secretions reach surface through tubular ducts
- ex: perspiration, tears in eyes, mammary glands
nervous system exerts rapid controls via nerve impulses
endocrine exerts more prolonged effects via hormones
Compare and contrast hormonal and Neural: controls and coordinates activities of cells, moves nerve impulse down the
neural controls of body functioning length of a cell through neuron, high speed and shorter duration of action
Hormonal: chemical impulses, releases chemicals into bloodstream (hormones) into
blood to circulate through systemic circulation to act on target cells, longer duration
of activation, much slower
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, 10/5/24, 7:08 PM
pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pineal glands
-hypothalamus bc it produces and releases hormones
-pancreas, gonads, and placenta contain endocrine tissue
Hypothalamus: brain; important in regulation of satiety, metabolism, and body
temperature. It secretes hormones that stimulate or suppress the release of
hormones in the pituitary gland. Many of these hormones are releasing hormones,
which are secreted into an artery (the hypophyseal portal system) that carries them
directly to the pituitary gland. In the pituitary gland, these releasing hormones signal
secretion of stimulating hormones. The hypothalamus also secretes a hormone
called somatostatin, which causes the pituitary gland to stop the release of growth
hormone
Pituitary Gland: "The master gland", brain; Divided into two parts: the anterior lobe
and the posterior lobe.
Thyroid Gland:
Lower front part of the neck; It produces thyroid hormones that regulate the body's
metabolism. It also plays a role in bone growth and development of the brain and
nervous system in children. The pituitary gland controls the release of thyroid
hormones. Thyroid hormones also help maintain normal blood pressure, heart rate,
digestion, muscle tone, and reproductive functions.
Parathyroid Glands:
Two pairs of small glands embedded in the surface of the thyroid gland, one pair on
each side. They release parathyroid hormone, which plays a role in regulating
calcium levels in the blood and bone metabolism.
List the major endocrine organs and their
Adrenal Glands:
location in the body
Triangular-shaped glands located on top of each kidney. The adrenal glands are
made up of two parts. The outer part is called the adrenal cortex, and the inner part
is called the adrenal medulla. The outer part produces hormones called
corticosteroids, which regulate the body's metabolism, the balance of salt and water
in the body, the immune system, and sexual function. The inner part, or adrenal
medulla, produces hormones called catecholamines (for example, adrenaline). These
hormones help the body cope with physical and emotional stress by increasing the
heart rate and blood pressure.
Pineal Gland:
located in the middle of the brain. It secretes a hormone called melatonin, which
regulates the wake-sleep cycle of the body.
Pancreas:
The pancreas has digestive and hormonal functions. One part of the pancreas, the
exocrine pancreas, secretes digestive enzymes. The other part of the pancreas, the
endocrine pancreas, secretes hormones called insulin and glucagon. These
hormones regulate the level of glucose in the blood.
Reproductive Glands:
The reproductive glands are the main source of sex hormones. In males, the testes,
located in the scrotum, secrete hormones called androgens; the most important of
which is testosterone. These hormones affect many male characteristics (for
example, sexual development, growth of facial hair and pubic hair) as well as sperm
production. In females, the ovaries, located on both sides of the uterus, produce
estrogen and progesterone as well as eggs. These hormones control the
Rio Salado Bio 202 Exam 1
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