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2024 CU NR 546 EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 CU NR 546 EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 CU NR 546 EXAM WITHCORRECT ANSWERS
Neuroanatomy - CORRECT-ANSWERSSeveral areas of the brain are
associated with the symptoms of schizophrenia.
When brain circuitry in the prefrontal cortex malfunctions, patients may
experience symptoms.
Mesocortical and ventromedial prefrontal cortex - CORRECT-
ANSWERSnegative and affective symptoms
Dorsolateral: - CORRECT-ANSWERScognitive symptoms
Orbitofrontal and connections to the amygdala: - CORRECT-
ANSWERSaggressive, impulsive symptoms
Dopamine Role in Psychosis - CORRECT-ANSWERSMany theories exist
regarding the causes of psychosis and schizophrenia. A leading hypothesis is
that psychosis and schizophrenia are associated with a dysfunction of the
neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) (Stahl, 2021).
Dopamine dysfunctions are also involved in other conditions that cause
psychosis, such as severe depression, certain medical disorders, and
substance abuse.
Traditionally, schizophrenia and psychosis symptoms have been associated
with a surplus of dopamine, since medications that block dopamine,
specifically D2, have been found to reduce the positive symptoms of
schizophrenia. Stahl (2021) suggests that it is more likely that schizophrenia
symptoms are related to "out of tune" dopamine
Medications to treat psychosis are classified as either - CORRECT-
ANSWERSfirst generation antipsychotics (FGAs) or second- generation
antipsychotics (SGAs).
Antipsychotics are prescribed based on their pharmacological properties,
side effect profiles, and adverse effects according to the unique symptoms
and needs of individuals across the lifespan.
,Within medication management, medications from this and other classes are
used across many diagnoses, making the former naming conventions
inaccurate.
Selecting medications based on mechanism of action allows for precise,
individualized prescribing as specific symptoms are targeted.
First generation antipsychotics (FGAs) are also known as - CORRECT-
ANSWERStypical antipsychotics and are appropriate for acute and chronic
management of schizophrenia and psychosis.
First Generation Antipsychotics - CORRECT-ANSWERSDesirable Effects
Improves Positive Symptoms
Acute & Chronic Schizophrenia & Psychosis
Non-selectively blocks dopamine D2 receptors, specifically in mesolimbic
pathway
Undesirable Effects
Risk of Developing
Hyperprolactinemia Desirable Effects
Improves Positive Symptoms
Acute & Chronic Schizophrenia & Psychosis
Non-selectively blocks dopamine D2 receptors, specifically in mesolimbic
pathway
Undesirable Effects
Risk of Developing
Hyperprolactinemia
& Extrapyramidal Symptoms
(Negative Symptoms
Unaffected)
How does reviewing the genetic makeup of a client help guide the PMHNP in
selecting medication for clients? - CORRECT-ANSWERSGenetic testing can
assist by providing more information on how clients may respond to certain
psychotropic medications, as well as providing information on how a client
may break down and metabolize medications based on the cytochrome P450
system.
, There may be an environmental exposure that turned a gene "on" that
should have been "off" for one twin to develop schizophrenia and not the
other
. Both environmental and psychosocial stressors can impact mental health.
Although twins may have identical genes, their gene expression may be
different.
Neuroscience - CORRECT-ANSWERSis the study of the structure and function
of the brain and is a field which is making great advancements (Pliszka,
2016). A strong foundational understanding of neuroscience and how the
structure and function of the brain can result in mental health symptoms is
necessary to treat mental illnesses.
Some mental disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and
major depressive disorder are thought to be a result of malformations or
malfunctions within the brain.
The psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP) must comprehend
how medications impact the brain in order to safely and effectively prescribe
psychotropic medications.
Brain tissue - CORRECT-ANSWERSis composed of gray and white matter.
gray matter - CORRECT-ANSWERSThe cerebellum, cerebrum, brain stem, and
the butterfly-shaped portion of the central spinal cord are comprised of gray
matter which contains neural cell bodies, axon terminals, dendrites, and all
nerve synapses.
It is the working area of the brain and the focus of psychiatry and neurology.
Gray matter - CORRECT-ANSWERSassociated with learning.
Changes in the gray matter are linked to psychiatric diagnoses including
Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and major depressive disorder.
White Matter - CORRECT-ANSWERScontains nerve fibers that connect
neurons from different regions into functional circuits.
The myelin that coats neuronal axons is necessary for electrical impulse
transmission.
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