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Test Bank 1.1 The Nature of the Olympian Gods & OCR Classical Civilization Greek Religion
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Test Bank 1.1 The Nature of the OlympianGods & OCR Classical Civilization Greek
Religion
- Athena, for example, is best known for her association with Athens as she was its
patron goddess, but sanctuaries to her are recorded throughout the Greek world. Here
are a few examples:
1. Athena Chalkioikos (where?, translation, wHY? )
2. Athena Pronoia - why is Forethought appropriate? where ?
3.Athena Lindia (named after what?) where?
4. Athena Alea (what is Alea ?, where ?) - CORRECT CHOICE ✅✅- Athena
Chalkioikos (Athena of the Bronze House) in Sparta
- Athena Pronoia (Athena ofForethought) in Delphi. 'Forethought' is especially
appropriate for Delphi, which is the site of oracular consultation
-Athena Lindia (named after the city Lindos) on Rhodes, an island in the southeast
Aegean Sea
- Athena Alea ('Alea' might be the name of a local divinity with whom Athena was
assimilated, or it might refer to a local hero Aleus) in Tegea, in the central Peloponnese.
1. although it is tempting to assume what? what was the reality?
- give examples: zeus, poseidon, Athena
,2. what was zeus actually associated with? (10)
3. Due to this breadth of influence, the gods were worshipped in a specific what? what
was this known as?
4. define "epithet" and its purpose - CORRECT CHOICE ✅✅1. that each god simply
had their own exclusive area of responsibility, for example, that Zeus was god of justice
and order, Poseidon controlled the sea, and Athena was merely concerned with
wisdom. However, each god had a variety of different areas of influence.
2. Zeus, for example, was associated with kings, the marketplace, property, domestic
wealth, weather, strangers, beggars, supplication and laws.
3. , the gods were worshipped in a specific capacity: an epithet,
4. a title that accompanied their name and specified which aspect of the god was being
summoned and worshipped.
1. ancient greek religion was what?
2. there was traditionally how many olympian gods?
3. they were named this due to what? - CORRECT CHOICE ✅✅1. polytheistic
(meaning the Greeks worshipped many gods )
3. 12
4. named because they were believed to have lived on Mount Olympus in Northern
Greece
1. each god has his/ her own individual what? that they act in accordance with.
2. what are Their human instincts amplified by?
3. On the other hand, the gods' power and authority stretches beyond what?
4. give an example of how Hesiod describes Zeus' power clearly in his "works and days"
5. what does this indicate? - CORRECT CHOICE ✅✅1. preferences and emotions and
acts in accordance with them.
2. their divine powers.
3.anything mortals can achieve.
4. Hesiod describes Zeus' power clearly:
,For easily he makes strong, and easily he oppresses the strong, easily he diminishes
the conspicuous one and magnifies the inconspicuous, and easily he makes the
crooked straight and withers the proud — Zeus who thunders on high, who dwells in the
highest mountains.. There is no way to evade the purpose of Zeus.
Hesiod, Works and Days 5—10, 105
5. This indicates not only the influence Zeus has over mankind, but also his power over
the elements, as we saw when Poseidon summoned the storm.
1. Gods and heroes could be worshipped on a very personal level.
- this was usually through what?
- individuals would choose to take part in what? - CORRECT CHOICE ✅✅This was
usually through mysteries, where individuals chose to take part in the cults, through
healing cults, or through oracular consultation.
1. heroes could serve multiple what?
- give an example. what was Heracles worshipped as ? where did his statue often
stand?
- what was he also worshipped as at Olympia?
2. he was especially worshipped by athletes why ? - CORRECT CHOICE ✅✅1.
functions. Heracles, for example, was often worshipped as a household god, and his
statue stood outside many homes to ward off evil. Heracles was also worshipped at the
Panhellenic sanctuary at Olympia
2. especially by athletes both because his strength and endurance doubtless inspired
their training and because he was the founder of the Games.
1. Homer's Iliad and Odyssey are set in what world?- what does each poem tell?
2. what do both stories focus on?
3. how are the gods portrayed?
4 who do gods pick? and why?
5. who do they cause harm to? give an example (athena)
6. when Hektor realises the god's deceit, he reflects: what? - CORRECT CHOICE
✅✅1. the mythical world of heroes, and each poem tells an individual narrative.
, 2. Both stories focus strongly on mortals, but deities play an equally significant role, as
the Olympians involve themselves in mortal affairs.
3. very powerful but also as governed by personal impulse and desire.
4. They pick favourites whom they support and influence.
5. enemies. Athena, for example, supports Achilles in the Iliad. In the final duel between
Achilles and his Trojan opponent Hector in Book 22, she disguises herself as Hector's
brother, Deiphobus. This gives Hector the impression that he can rely on his brother's
help in the fight. In actual fact, it isolates him.
6. Oh for sure now the gods have called me to my death! I thought the hero Deiphobos
was with me: but he is inside the wall, and Athene has tricked me. So now vile death is
close on me, not far now any longer, and there is no escape.
Homer, Iliad 22.297-301
1. how did Greeks honour their gods?
2. in return, what would the gods do ?
3. mortals were also rewarded for what? divine favour was not... - CORRECT CHOICE
✅✅1/ sacrifice, libations, prayers and votive offerings
2. help them in every aspect of their lives, both personal, such as marriage or health,
and public, such as war and city foundations.
3. for continuous piety and worship of the gods; divine favour was not based on single
cases alone.
1. How else are they distinguished from mortals? by what?
- give an example, homer Iliad - CORRECT CHOICE ✅✅- by their immortality
-The lord god's immortal hair streamed forward from his deathless head, and he shook
the heights of Olympus.
Homer, Iliad 1.529-530
1. In his "Works and Days" Hesiod gives advice about what? (2)
2. what do both of these things require?
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