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BA:300 FINAL SDSU Naida Austin Exam/77 Q’s and A’s
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BA:300 FINAL SDSU Naida Austin Exam/77 Q’s and A’s
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BA:300 FINAL SDSU Naida AustinExam/77 Q’s and A’s
Ethical Decision-Making Process - -Moral Awareness, Ethical/ Morale
Judgment, Ethical Behavior
- Morales Awareness is likely to rise when? - -1. Peers consider it morally
problematic
2.Moral language is used when problem is presented
3.Decisions could cause serious harm to others
- Steps in Ethical Decision Making - -1. Gather the facts
2. Define the Ethical issue
3. Identify the affected parties (stakeholders)
4. Identify the consequences
5. Identify the obligations
6. Consider your character and integrity
7. Think creatively about potential actions
8. Check your gut
- Who shapes your ethical decisions? - -Peers, Superiors and Organizational
Norms
- Define Pygmalion Effect - -You become what others expect from you
- Rewards and Punishments - -Reward and punishments towards ethical
dilemmas reinforce our actions towards them
- Goals - -Pros: Goals set focus to meet an outcome
Cons: If goal set to be meet no matter what the cost
- Diffusion of Responsibility - -allows individual to escape responsibility
- 4 ways of Diffusion of Responsibility - -1.Responsibility is taken away
2. Shared with others
3.Obscured by organizational hierarchy(pass up and down blame on chain of
command)
4. Distance
- Define Roles and Deindividuation - -Roles: established reduce
responsibility
Deindivation: loss of self awareness in groups (minimizes responsibility by
saying you only focused on the role you were given)
, - Define the Pygmalion Effect - -You become what others expect from you
- What are the relationships between ethics and law - -1.Corporate rules as
"law" (policies and guidelines)
2.Discrimination laws
3.Whistle blower laws
4. Federal Organizational Sentencing Guidelines(Culpability score determines
punishment)
- Cognitive Biases: Fact Gathering - -Overconfidence about your knowledge
of the facts
- Cognitive Biases: Fact Gathering - -Falling into Confirmation Trap (getting
data that matches previous data already believed
- Cognitive Biases: Looking at Consequences - -Reduced number of
consequences- not looking at all of them
- Cognitive Biases: Looking at Consequences - -Consequences for self vs.
others- how will consequences affect me vs how does it affect others
- Cognitive Biases: Looking at Consequences - -Consequences as risk
( illusion of optimism and illusion of control)
- Illusion of Optimism - -People tend to be blindly optimistic that they've
done the right thing and that everything will be okay.
- illusion of control - -people's belief that they can influence events, even
when they have no control over what will happen
- Cognitive Biases: Looking at Consequences - -Escalation of Commitment-
no one can dissuade you
book suggests that you invite input from others who disagree with you
- Cognitive Biases: Thinking about integrity - -1. Illusion of Superiority- we
all think we are above average- just cause u think its right doesn't mean it is
2. Ethics of your profession (integrity conflicts with code)- professional code
might not line up with yours
- Individual differences: Levels of Moral Development - -Level 1: Rewards
and Punishments, (exchange) (deal making)(ex hit suzie with
ball=punishments)
Level 2: Shared Norms, Society obligations (EX in my fam we treat strangers
politely)
Level 3 : Principal, autonomous (do what you think is right, not following
others)
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